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personality (test 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychodynamic Principles:

Psychological determinism

A

-all psychological processes-thoughts, feelings, behaviors-derive casually from underlying forces (freewill is an illusionnnnnn)

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2
Q

Psychodynamic Principles Internal structure

A

-mind is compartmentalized into independent parts based on their functions (id, superego, ego)

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3
Q

Psychodynamic Principles: psychic conflict and compromise

A

-Much of psychological involves competing drives (self control)

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4
Q

Psychodynamic Principles: mental energy

A

-drives, like libido and thanatos ((death?)), use up psychic energy and “bottle up” if not released (catharsis )

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5
Q

Id

A
  • unconscious
  • what “you” really wanna do
  • cravings (primitive, instinctive)
  • Reduce libido–>sex drives (sex, aggression, hunger)
  • pleasure principle
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6
Q

Superego

A
  • preconscious
  • what a good you wants to do
  • super-moral and super-oriented
  • ego-ideal or ideal-self
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7
Q

ego

A
  • conscious
  • what you ought to do and end up doing
  • manages the desire of the id and superego
  • reality principle (self must restrain from acting strictly id-oriented fashion in order to function in a social world ((self-control))

-personality executive (“working” self)

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8
Q

Opponent processing, account for drives and feelings

Doctrine of Opposites

A
  • life instinct (eros) NEEDS death instinct (thanatos)
  • happiness NEEDS sadness
  • good NEEDS evil
  • love NEEDS pain

[Affect Intensity (Larsen and Diener, 1987)]

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9
Q

Psychosexual development: oral stage

A

-birth-18 months

  • ID focus
  • oral gratification through sucking, eating, mouthing etc
  • virtually helpless
  • so, level of interdependency develops
  • but… extreme levels of interdependence=bad news (anxious, avoidant attachment)
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10
Q

Anal Stage

A
  • 1-3.5 yrs old
  • ego focus
  • gratification from expelling and withholding feces
  • coming to terms w society control
  • anal character–>level for self-control/social obedience
  • Extremes (highly organized or highly disorganized, overly obedient or highly disobedient)
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11
Q

Psychodynamic Principles: phallic stage

A
  • 3.5 to 7 yrs old
  • penis focus=understanding gender differences, development of superego!!
  • Oedipus complex/ penis envy
  • phallic character–>extreme levels of morality (selflessness or selfishness)
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12
Q

Psychodynamic Principless: Latency state

A
  • 7 to puberty

- sexual concerns become dormant

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13
Q

Psychodynamic Principles: Genital stage

A
  • puberty and onward
  • maturation (some get further than others)
  • transcendence (focus on birth and creation ((both genetically and symbolically))
  • “to love and to work”
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14
Q

fixation

A
  • psychologically “stuck” on a developmental stage

- arrested development

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15
Q

Regression

A

-reverting back to a particular stage in times of anxiety or stress

  • biting nails or smoking (oral)
  • going into a high/low organization mode (anal)
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16
Q

Primary process thinking

A
  • automatic processing (id) [reactive, affective, intuitive]

- rarely comes directly into consciousness [dreams and associations]

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17
Q

Secondary process thinking

A
  • controlled processing (ego)

- rational, calculated, agentic

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18
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance, etc.

-For example, when people smoke (behavior) and they know that smoking causes cancer (cognition), they are in a state of cognitive dissonance.`

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19
Q

discordant thoughts produce friction in the form of anxiety

A

true–>cognitive dissonance

20
Q

Defense Mechanism

A

-minimizes anxiety produces during conflict (guilty, etc) usually without conscious awareness

21
Q

self is motivated to achieve ____ and ______ self

A

ought, ideal;
-but people conceal inconsistencies toward these goals by minimizing their potency
(self serving bias)

22
Q

Parapraxis: freudian slips

lapse

A

-forgetting as a means to avoid anxiety

self handicapping

23
Q

Parapraxis: freudian slips

slips

A
  • mental “leakage” from the unconscious
  • what one really thinks or how one really feel when defenses are down
  • no “happy accidents”
24
Q

Humor

A
  • often successful maneuvering around the superego in order to tap into the sensitivities of the id
  • otherwise taboo thoughts become hilarious when presented carefully
  • transitions from “too soon” to “I can’t believe I’m laughing at this”
25
Q

Freud

A

-Psychoanalysis –>first major wave of counseling

26
Q

Freud: the unconscious

A
  • thoughts and actions

- primal urges

27
Q

Frued: study of the self

A
  • individual diferences
  • neurosis
  • self-control
28
Q

personality

A
  • most of research psychology studies behavior generally (across people)
  • here we are looking at the ways that people share and don’t share characteristics
29
Q

personality traits

A

-enduring dimensions of personalty characteristics on which people differ

30
Q

trait theory

A

people have “dispositional” qualities that can predict future beliefs and behaviors

-traits are continuous (you can have a little, modest amount, or a lot of a particular trait)

31
Q

although all port found there to be up to 18,000 traits, do they all matter equally?

A

no

32
Q

“big 5” superfactors (Mccrae and costa)

A
  1. openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. Extraversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism
33
Q

Eycseek’s Biological model of personality : extraversion

A
  • low baseline arousal=extraverted (more social, doesn’t take a lot to get you excited)
  • high baseline arousal=introverted
  • (hence, extraverts need more stimulation from the environment)
34
Q

Eycseek’s Biological model of personality :Neuroticism

A
  • high baseline arousal (“reactive”) to negative stimuli
  • high fear, anxiety, worry
  • psychoticism
    • low emotional control
    • social deviants
35
Q

where did skinner think personality came from ?

A
  • believed that traits were learned simply through situational responses
  • ex: if your behavior (such as being outgoing) is generally rewarded in situations, you will learn to be that way in several domains

-beliefs about self are guided by how you have learned to behave –>self perception theory

36
Q

are we born w certain traits?

A

-twins studies suggest yes for the big 5

37
Q

temperament

A

-the way you are born, such as reactive or calm (emotionally) seems pervasive over time
[jerome kagan]

38
Q

nature+nurture=

A

personality

39
Q

personality and birth order

A

first born=conscientious, ambitions, neurotic

second born=rebellious, etc

later born=agreeable, self conscious, open to experience, etc

40
Q

self efficacy

A

-a belief in ones personal capabilities to succeed

41
Q

self-esteem

A
  • self-worth

- determined by how well we feel that we are doing in life (

42
Q

locus of control

A

-are you acting on the world or is it actin gone you?

43
Q

Internal LOC

A

belief of control over environment (volition)

44
Q

External LOC

A

belief of little to no control over environment

45
Q

how well to people really know themselves?

A

-traits misrepresented by a person and/or do they overestimate how much influence they have on their behavior ?

psych (12 decks)

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