social psych

Question 1

Bystander effect

Answer 1

The tendency for any given person to be less likely to give aid to someone who needs help if other individuals are present

Question 2

Altruism

Answer 2

Unselfish regard for the wellbeing of others

Question 3

Superordinate goals

Answer 3

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Question 4

Mere exposure effect

Answer 4

The tendency to like or prefer something that is familiar

Question 5

Victim blaming

Answer 5

Placing the responsibility or blame for a bad outcome on the individual who experiences the bad outcome due to their behavior

Question 6

Scapegoat theory

Answer 6

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 7

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 7

An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs

Question 8

Group polarization

Answer 8

The tendency for people to hold even more extreme views on topics after a group discussion with like-minded people

Question 9

Consummate love

Answer 9

Love involving intimacy and commitment

Question 10

Companionate love

Answer 10

Type of love occurring when intimacy, passion, and commitment are all present

Question 11

Passionate love

Answer 11

Intense absorption with one another, usually at the beginning of a romantic relationship

Question 12

Deindividuation

Answer 12

The loss of identity or self-awareness as a result of participation in a larger group; lessons the sense of personal responsibility and can lead to destructive or aggressive behavior (losing yourself in the crowd)

Question 13

Social facilitation

Answer 13

Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 14

Central route

Answer 14

Persuasion based on evidence and logic

Question 15

Social inhibition

Answer 15

The tendency to perform complex or difficult tasks more poorly in the presence of others

Question 16

Peripheral route

Answer 16

Persuasion based on factors such as emotion, popularity, or fame, instead of the facts or argument itself

Question 17

Just world phenomenon

Answer 17

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 18

Social loafing

Answer 18

The tendency for people to put less effort into a task when working with others than they would when working alone

Question 19

Social exchange theory

Answer 19

The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs

Question 20

Groupthink

Answer 20

Occurs when the group makes a poor or flawed decision because topics or options that might upset group dynamics are not considered as a solution

Question 21

Self-serving bias

Answer 21

The tendency to attribute our successes to personal traits and our failures to external circumstances

Question 22

Hostile aggression

Answer 22

Aggression that springs from anger; its goal is to injure

Question 23

Instrumental aggression

Answer 23

Aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain

Question 24

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 24

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Question 25

Frustration aggression principle

Answer 25

The principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression

Question 26

Door-in-the-face phenomenon

Answer 26

The tendency for people to comply with a smaller request after first denying a larger request

Question 27

Prejudice

Answer 27

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

Question 28

Out-group homogeneity bias

Answer 28

Our tendency to see out-group members as being pretty much all alike

Question 29

Stereotypes

Answer 29

Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

Question 30

Normative social influence

Answer 30

Conforming in order to be accepted or liked by a group

Question 31

Conformity

Answer 31

Adjusting our behavior and thinking to fit in with a group standard

Question 32

Chameleon effect

Answer 32

Unconsciously mimicking others’ expressions, postures, and voice tones

Question 33

Mirror image perceptions

Answer 33

When members of opposing groups have the same negative perceptions of each other

Question 34

Informational social influence

Answer 34

Conforming to/copying other people’s behavior because you assume they have information you lack

Question 35

Mood linkage

Answer 35

The tendency to take on the prevailing mood of the people around you

Question 36

In-group bias

Answer 36

Favoring members of one’s own group over out-group members

Question 37

Discrimination

Answer 37

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Question 38

Halo effect

Answer 38

The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic

Question 39

Reciprocity norm

Answer 39

An expectation that people will help those who have helped them

Question 40

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 40

An expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true

Question 41

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 41

When judging another person’s behavior, the tendency to overestimate the influence of personal qualities and underestimate the influence of external circumstances

Question 42

Social responsibility norm

Answer 42

An expectation that people will help those needing their help, as it is something we socially ought to do