Precations

Question 1

Airborne Precautions

Answer 1

Used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that are spread by vaporated droplets that contain microorganisms that remain suspended in the air or dust particles
Ex:
Tuberculosis
Rubella (measles)
Varicella (chicken pox)
Severe acute respiratory virus (SARS)
Patients should be in airborne infection isolation room (AIIR)
Air is circulated to outside or to somewhere to be filtered
Must have N95 or higher

Question 2

Droplet Precautions

Answer 2

Used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large-particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking or laughing
Examples
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Viral influenza
Should be in a private room
Must wear masks when in room & patient wears a mask in transport

Question 3

Contact Precautions

Answer 3

Used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact
Examples
GI, respiratory, skin or wound infections that are multidrug resistant
Diapered or incontinent patients with E.coli, rotavirus
Skin diseases: diphtheria, HSV, impetigo, scabies, lice
Patient should be in private room
Must wear gloves & change gloves after touching patient
Must wear gown & remove before leaving room
Daily cleaning & disinfection of room
Patient dedicated equipment