Social Processes, Attitudes and Behaviour Flashcards
Social Facilitation
describes the tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around
Deindividuation
is a loss of self awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behaviour
Bystander effect
describes the observation that when in a group, people are less likely to respond to a person in need
peer pressure
refers to the social influence places on individuals by others they consider equals
Social Loafing
refers to the tendency of people to put in less effort in a group project than individually
group polarization
is the tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme then the thoughts of the individual group members
groupthink
is the tendency for the groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas
culture
describes the beliefs, ideas, behaviours, actions and characteristics of a group or society of people
assimilation
is the process by which a group of individual’s culture begins to melt into another culture
multiculturalism
refers to the the encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity
subcultures
refer to a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the. primary culture to which they belong
Socialization
is the process of developing and spreading norms, customs and beliefs
norms
are what determine the boundaries of acceptable behaviour within society
stigma
is the extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society
deviance
refers to any violation or norms, rules or expectations within a society
conformity
is changing beliefs or behaviours in order to fit into a group or society
Compliance
occurs when individuals change their behaviour based on the requests of others.
foot in the door technique
small request is made and after gaining compliance a larger request is made
door in the face technique
a large request is made at first and if refused a second smaller request is made
lowball technique
the requestor will get an initial commitment from an individual and then raise the cost of the commitment
that’s not all technique
individual is made offer, but before making decision is told the deal is even better than expected.
Labeling theory
labels given to person affect how others respond to that person but also the person’s self image. like calling a woman promiscuous- she will either become promiscuous or change behaviour to “normal”
differential association theory
deviance is learned through interactions with others. “fallen into the group”
Strain theory
attempts to explain a deviance as a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure
Obedience
change in behaviour based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure
Attitudes
are tendencies toward expression. of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something
- Affective, behavioural and cognitive components
Functional attitudes theory
tastes that there are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life: knowledge, ego expression, adaptability and ego defense
learning theory
attitudes are developed through forms of learning: direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction and conditioning
elaboration likelihood model
attitudes are formed and changes through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration
-central route processing: deeply thinking about something
- Peripheral route processing: focussing on superficial stuff like appearance of something
