Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Biomedical approach

Answer 1

looks at physical and medical causes of a psychological disorder. treatments are of biomedical nature

Question 2

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 2

considers the relative contributions of biological, psychological and social components to an individual’s disorder.

Question 3

DSM-5

Answer 3

used to diagnose psychological disorders.

Question 4

Schizophrenia

Answer 4

positive symptoms: add something to behaviour like delusions, hallucinations and disorganized speech and behaviour
negative symptoms: loss of something from behaviour (apathy)

Question 5

Major depressive disorders

Answer 5

one major depressive episode

Question 6

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 6

suffer from dysthymia: depressed mood that isn’t severe enough to meet the criteria for a major depressive disorder

Question 7

seasonal affective disorder

Answer 7

happens with seasonal onset like depression in winter

Question 8

Bipolar 1 disorder

Answer 8

contains at least one manic episode with or without depression

Question 9

bipolar 2 disorder

Answer 9

contains atleast one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

Question 10

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 10

contains hypomanic episodes with dysthymia

Question 11

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 11

worrying too much about many different things for at least 6 months

Question 12

Social Anxiety disorder

Answer 12

anxiety dude to social or performance situations

Question 13

Agoraphobia

Answer 13

fears of places or situations where it is hard for person to escape

Question 14

Panic disorder

Answer 14

recurrent manic attacks: intense overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus.

Question 15

OCD

Answer 15

obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulse) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that receive tension but cause significant impairment in persons life)

Question 16

Body Dysmorphia disorder

Answer 16

unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s appearance or specific body part. person takes extremes measures to correct imperfections

Question 17

PTSD

Answer 17

intrusion symptoms(reliving the event), avoidance symptoms and negative cognitive symptoms (amnesia, negative mood and emotions) and arousal symptoms (increased started response, anxiety)

Question 18

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 18

can’t remember past info even tho there is no underlying neurological disorder

Question 19

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 19

when multiple personalities take control of person’s behaviour

Question 20

Depersonalized/ derealization disorder

Answer 20

involves feelings of detachment from mind and body or from the environment

Question 21

Somatic Symptoms

Answer 21

involves at least one somatic symptom, which may or may not be linked to underlying medical problem that causes a lot of concern

Question 22

Illness Anxiety disorder

Answer 22

preoccupation with thought about having or coming down with serious medical condition

Question 23

Conversion Disorder

Answer 23

involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function and is associated with prior trauma (going blind even tho there is no neurological issue)

Question 24

Personality Disorders (PD)

Answer 24

pattern of inflexible, maladaptive behaviour that cause distress or impaired functioning in atleast two of the following: cognition, emotion, interpersonal feelings or impulse control

Question 25

PD Clusters

Answer 25

A: odd, eccentric and weird
B: dramatic, emotional, erratic, wild
C: anxious, fearful, worried

Question 26

Cluster A PD

Answer 26

Paranoid PD: pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
Schizotypal PD: ideas of magical thinking and eccentricity
Schizoid: (detachment from social relationships and limited emotion)

Question 27

Cluster B PD

Answer 27

Antisocial: disregard for the rights of others
Borderline: instability in mood, relationships and self image.
Histrionic: constant attention seeking behaviour
Narcissistic: grandiose sense of self importance and need for admiration

Question 28

Cluster C PD

Answer 28

Avoidant: extreme shyness and fear of rejection
Dependant: continuous need for reassurance
Obsessive compulsive: perfectionism, inflexibility and ore occupation with rules

Question 29

Neuroleptics

Answer 29

first antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia and though they are effective in treating positive symptoms, their side effects include cognitive dulling, which can exacerbate negative symptoms.