Social interaction Flashcards
Statuses and the 3 types
Positions in society that are used to classify individuals.
Ascribed
Achieved
Master
Ascribed status
Given involuntarily, based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, etc
Achieved status
Gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices
Master status
Status by which one is most identified–is pervasive in ones life.
What is role and role performance?
Role is a set of beliefs, values, attitudes and norms that define expectations. Role performance is the carrying out of the described behaviors
Group conformity
Individuals are compliant with the group’s goals, even when the group’s goals may be in direct contrast to the individual’s goals
Groupthink
Occurs when members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group, while ignoring outside ideas
Network
Describe the observable pattern of social relationships among individuals or groups
Organizations
Entities that are set up to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and a culture
Iron law of oligarchy
States that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group
McDonaldization
Refers to a shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability and control in societies.
Appraisal model of expression
Accepts that there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced
Social construction model
There is no biological basis for emotions. Instead, emotions are based on experiences and the situational context alone
Front stage self
The person is in front of the audience, and performs according to the setting, role, and script in order to conform to the image he wants others to see
Back stage self
The actor is not being observed by an audience and is free to act in ways that may not be congruent with his desired public image without having to worry about ruining his performance
Mere exposure effect or familiarity effect
People prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently
Amygdala and aggression
Part of the brain responsible for associating stimuli and their corresponding rewards or punishments
It tells us if something is a threat
Cognitive neoassociation model
We are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions, such as feeling tired.
Secure attachment
Child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, knowing that they have a secure base to return to. prefers caregiver over stranger
Avoidant attachment
When the caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child. Child will show no preference between caregiver and stranger
Ambivalent attachment
When a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes appropriately and sometimes negatively. Child usually is anxious about the return of caregiver
Disorganized attachment
Show no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absence or presence, but show’s different behaviors
Mate choice
selection of a mate based on attraction
Phenotypic benefits of mating
Observable traits that make a potential mate more attractive.
Sensory bias of mating
Development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population
Fisherian or runaway selection of mating
A positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait that has no effect or a negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated over time. Thing the plumage of a peacock
Indicator traits of maiting
Traits that signify overall good health and well-being of an organism, increasing its attractiveness to mates
Genetic compatibility
Creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics
Altruism
A form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to themselves
Empathy
The ability to vicariously experience the emotions of another and it is thought by some social psychologists to be a strong influence on helping behavior
Game theory
Attempts to explain decision making behavior.
Cooperation
Both the donor and recipient benefit by cooperatign
Spite
Both the donor and recipient are negatively impacted
Selfishness
Donor benefits while the recipient is negatively impacted
Inclusive fitness
A measure of an organism’s success in the population
