Attitudes and behavior Flashcards
Social cognition
Focuses on the way in which people think about other and how ideas impact behaviors
3 components of attitude
ABC
Affective
Behavioral
Cognitive
Affective component of attitude
The way a person feels toward something and is the emotional component of attitude.
Snakes scare me. or I love my family
Behavioral component of attitdue
The way a person acts with respect to something.
Cognitive component of attitude
The way an individual thinks about something, which is usually the justification for the other two components
Functional attitudes theory
Attitudes serve 4 functions: Knowledge, ego, expression, adaptation and ego defense
Learning theory of attitude
Posits that attitudes are developed through different forms of learning
Elaboration likelihood model of attitude
Separated individuals on a continuum based on their processing of persuasive information
Social cognitive theory of attitude
People learn how to behave and shape attitudes by observing the behaviors of others. Behavior develops through direct observation and replication of the actions of others
Social action
Actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious of and perform when others are around
Social facilitation
People tend to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others.
Yerkes Dodson Law
When around others, people’s performance is affected. They do great with simple tasks and suffer with harder tasks. This is dependent upon arousal of the situation
Deindividuation
Presence in a large group provides anonymity and causes a loss of individual identity. It leads to anti-normative behavior
Bystander effect
An individual doesn’t intervene to help a victim when others are present.
Social loafing
Individuals tend to put in less effort when in a group setting compared to when they are alone
Peer Pressure
Social influence placed on an individual by a group of people or another individual.
Identity shift effect
Helps explain peer pressure
When an individual’s state of harmony is disrupted by a threat of social rejection, the individual will often conform to the norms of the group.
Cognitive dissonance
Simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts or opinions. Usually leads to a state of discomfort.
Individuals try to avoid the discomfort by changing, adding to, or minimizing dissonant thoughts
Group polarization
Tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group
Groupthink
Desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision
Conformity
matching one’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviors to societal norms
Internalization
Involves changing one’s behavior to fit with the group while also privately agreeing with the ideas of a group
Identification
The outward acceptance of others ideas without personally taking on these ideas
Compliance
A change in behavior based on a direct request
Foot in the door technique
A small request is made, and after gaining complaints,A larger request is made
Door in the face technique
A large request is made first and if refused, a second smaller request is made
Lowball technique
The requester will get an initial commitment from an individual, and then raise the cost of the commitment
That’s not all technique
An individual is made an offer, but before making a decision, is told to do was even better than expected.Think infomercials
Obedience
Changing one’s behavior in response to a direct order from an authority figure
