Emotions Flashcards
3 elements of emotion?
Physiological response, behavioral response, cognitive response
Physiological response of emotion
Arousal stimulated by autonomic nervous system. Heart rate, breathing, temp, blood pressure
Behavioral response of emotion
Facial expressions and body language
Cognitive response of emotion
Subjective interpretation of feeling experienced
James-Lange theory of emotion
A stimulus results first in physiological arousal, which leads to a secondary response in which the emotion is labeled.
“I must be angry because my skin is hot and blood pressure is high”
Cannon-bard theory
Physiological arousal and feeling an emotion occur at the same time.
A person will respond with action after experiencing the emotion both mentally and physically.
Cognitive and physiological components of emotion occur simultaneously and result in the behavioral component of emotion
Schachter-Singer theory
Both arousal and labeling of arousal based on environment must occur in order for an emotion to be experienced
I am excited because my heart is racing and everyone else is happy
What makes up the limbic system?
Amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus and fornix, septal nuclei, and parts of cerebral cortex
Amygdala
Signals cortex about stimuli related to attention and emotion.
Processes the environment, detects external cues, and learns from the person’s surroundings in order to produce emotion
Controls most implicit memories
Thalamus
Preliminary sensory processing station and routes information to the cortex and other appropriate areas of the brain.
Hypothalamus
Synthesizes and releases a variety of neurotransmitters.
Homeostatic functions, modulates emotions
Hippocampus
Creates long term memories
Storage and retrieval of emotional memories is key in producing an emotional response
Controls most explicit memories
Prefrontal cortex emotion
Associated with intricate cognitive functions, expressing personality and making decisions
Dorsal prefrontal cortex
Attention and cognition
Ventral prefrontal cortex
Connects with regions of the brain responsible for experiencing emotion
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Substantial role in decision making and controlling emotional responses from the amygdala
Cognitive appraisal
Subjective evaluation of a situation that induces stress
2 stages of stress appraisal?
- primary appraisal: The initial examination, which results in the identification of the stress as irrelevant, benign, positive or stressful
- Secondary appraisal: An evaluation if one can cope with the stress
Difference between distress and eustress
Distress is an unpleasant stressor
Eustress is a positive stressor or condition–like graduating college
3 stages of stress response?
- Alarm stage
- Resistance stage
- Exhuastian stage
Left hemisphere
Positive emotions
Sociable
Right hemisphere
Negative emotions
Isolated
What are the 3 types of primary appraisal of stress?
Irrelevent
Benign/positive
Negative
3 assessments of secondary appraisal of stress
Harm
threat
challenge
4 types of stressors
Significant life change
Catastrophic
Daily hassle
Ambient stressors (global/background)
Extrinsic Motivatoin
Includes rewards for showing a desired behavior or avoiding punishment if the desired behavior is not achieved
Usually include external, tangible rewards
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation that comes from within ones self. Drive by interest or pure enjoyment
Instinct theory of motivation
People are driven to do certain behaviors based on evolutionarily programmed instincts
Arousal theory
People perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal.
Yerkes-Dodson law
Performance is the worst at extremely high and low levels of arousal and optimal at some intermediate level
Drive reduction theory
Drives help humans survive by creating an uncomfortable state, ensuring motivation to eliminate this state or to relieve the internal tension created by unmet needs
Needs based theories
Motivation is descried by how we allocate our energy and resources to best satisfy our needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from lowest to highest
Physiological Safety Love/belonging Esteem Self-actualization
In Maslow’s hierarchy what should be satisfied first?
The bottom (physiological) then go up from there
Self-determination theory
Emphasizes the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Incentive theory
Behavior is motivated by desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments
Expectancy value theory
Amount of motivation needed to reach a goal is result of both individual’s expectation of success in reaching the goal and the degree to which he or she values succeeding at the goal.
What theory of motivation describes drug use?
Opponent process theory
A person with high left frontal lobe activity is most likely experiencing which emotion?
Happiness
