Social Influence-Resistance To Social Influence

Question 1

Social support-

Social support/resisting conformity

What did Asch (1956) study find in regard to social support?

Answer 1

Enable an individual to resist conformity pressure from the majority

Question 2

How much did conformity levels fall by in Asch (1956) study when social support was offered by an ally in the form of a right answer?

Answer 2

27.5% fall in conformity

Question 3

What is the most important aspect of social support?

Answer 3

It breaks the unanimous position of the majority hence raising the possibility of other equally legitimate ways of thinking

Question 4

What does the presence of an ally do for an individual?

Answer 4

Makes them more confident in their decision and better able to stand up to the majority

Question 5

Social support/resisting obedience

What has research shown when someone gets an ally who are willing to join in opposing the authority figure?

Answer 5

They will become more confident in their ability to resist the temptation to obey

Question 6

What do disobedient act as for individuals?

Answer 6

A role model to model their won behaviour

Question 7

Individuals were able to use the defiance of peers as an opportunity to remove themselves from having to cause any more harm

What percentage of ppts continued to the maximum shock level (450V) when confederates withdrew one after the other?

Answer 7

Only 10% continued to the maximum shock level

Question 8

Locus of control

What does “Locus of control mean”?

Answer 8

Persons perception of personal control over their own behaviour

Question 9

How is locus of control measures?

Answer 9

Along a dimension of “high internal” to “high external”

Question 10

What does a strong internal locus of control mean?

Answer 10

Belief that what happens to a person is largely a consequence of their own ability and effort

Question 11

What do high internals tend to display?

Answer 11

Independents in thoughts and behaviour

Question 12

What do high internals rely less on?

What does this consequently make them better at?

Answer 12

The opinions of others

Better at resisting social influence

Question 13

What does a strong external locus of control mean?

Answer 13

A belief that happens to a person is determined by external factors (e.g. Influence of other or luck)

Question 14

How do high externals approach events?

Answer 14

With a more passive and fatalistic attitude

Question 15

What do high externals display less of than internals?

Answer 15

Less personal responsibility for actions and less independents behaviour

Question 16

What are externals more likely to do?

Answer 16

Accept the influence of others

Question 17

Internality and resistance to social influence

Characteristic of internals making them better suited to resisting social influence:

What do high internal actively seek which make them less likely to rely on the opinion of others?

Answer 17

Actively seek information

Question 18

High internals are “***-Orientated” 🏆

What does this make them more likely to be

A study which supports this?

Answer 18

High internals are “Achievement-Orientated” 🏆

High internals are more likely to become leaders than followers

Spector (1982)

Question 19

What are high internals better able to resist?

Study that supported this?

Outline?

Answer 19

Better able to resist coercion

Hutchins and Estey (1978) = Stimulated Prisoner of war camp situation

Internals were better able to resist interrogation attempts

The more intense the the pressure, the greater the difference between internal and external’s performance

Question 20

Evaluation-
Social support- Impotance of response order:

What did Allen and Levine study (1969)?

Answer 20

Whether the response position of the person providing support made any difference to a ppt resisting the majority

Question 21

What were Allen and Levine (1969) two conditions?

Answer 21

1️⃣ confederate always answered first giving the right answer while the rest of confederates all gave the same wrong answer

2️⃣ Confederate answered fourth after the other wrong-answering confederates

Question 22

Which condition in Adam & Levine’s 1969 study was more influential?

How was this condition effective?

Answer 22

Support was significantly more affective when right answer was given by confederate in position 1

Confirmed ppts own judgment and produces a commitment to the correct response that endures

Question 23

Evaluation:

Social support- support may not have to be valid to be effective

Adam and Levine (1971) condition of invalid social supports?

Answer 23

Confederates providing support wore very thick lenses (invalid supports as it was a test of visual discrimination)

Question 24

Adam and Levine (1971) second condition

Answer 24

Supported had normal vision (provided valid social support)

Question 25

What was found in regard to the conditions of valid and invalid social supports (A & L 1971)

Answer 25

Both conditions reduced the amount of conformity but valid social support more do

Question 29

Evaluation-

Locus of control is related to NSI and not ISI

How many undergraduate students did Spector (1983) use when measuring locus of control and predisposition to NSI and ISI?

Answer 29

1️⃣5️⃣7️⃣

Question 30

What did Spector (1983) find?

What were externals more likely to do?

Answer 30

Significant correlation between locus of control and predisposition to NSI

Externals were more likely to conform in regard to NSI

Question 31

What did Spencer (1983) find out in regard to ISI?

Answer 31

No such relationship between predisposition to ISI and locus of control

Question 32

Evaluation:

Locus of control- people are more external than they used to be

What did Twenge et al. (2004) meta analysis discover?

Answer 32

Young Americans increasingly believed their fate was determined more by luck and powerful others rather than their own actions.

Question 33

What did the mets-analysis show about level of externality in student and child samples between (1960 and 2002)?

Answer 33

Becoming substantially more external

Question 34

How did Twenge interpret this trend of increasing externality?

Answer 34

Alienation experienced by young people and tendency to explain misfortune on outside forces.