Social Influence: Conformity (L1-L4) Flashcards
1
Q
What does social psychology focus on?
A
- it looks at how people interact and influence each other
- explores the relationships between people and how people affect each others behaviour
2
Q
What is social influence?
A
- the process by which individuals adapt their opinion, revise their believes or change their behaviour as a result of social interactions with other people
3
Q
What is conformity?
A
- form of social influence
- where a person changes their behaviours, attitudes or beliefs so that they are in line with the majority
- occurs because of pressure from the majority
- this pressure may be real or imagined
4
Q
What are the 3 types of conformity?
A
- compliance
- identification
- internalisation
5
Q
What is compliance?
A
- adjustment of behaviours/beliefs in public so they are in line with the majority
- going along with the majority even if you don’t share/agree with these views
- conformity only lasts while the group is present
- no change to private behaviour
- superficial and temporary form of compliance
6
Q
What is identification?
A
- individual accepts social influence because they want to be associated with a role model or social group
- behaviour is changed to fit a specific role in society or imitate that of a role model
- may make them feel connected to the group/person
7
Q
What is internalisation?
A
- when individual adjust their behaviour, attitudes and beliefs publicly and privately so they are in line with the majority
- majority’s view has been accepted as one’s own
- adjustment is both public and private
- most permanent form of conformity
8
Q
What is normative social influence?
A
- where a person conforms in order to be accepted and belong to a group
- there is an avoidance of any behaviour which could lead to possible exclusion or rejection due to the need for social approval and acceptance
- often leads to compliance and copying the behaviours of others in order to fit in
9
Q
What is informational social influence?
A
- where a person conforms because they have a desire to be right
- occurs when an individual is in an unfamiliar situation or lacks knowledge so looks towards others for info on how to behave as they way to be right in the way they act
- leads to internalisation
10
Q
Who developed the 2 process theories for conformity (ISI & NSI)?
A
- Deutsch and Gerrard (1955)
11
Q
What did Sherif want to test?
A
- whether people are influenced by others when doing an ambiguous task
12
Q
What was Sherifs’ method?
A
- lab experiment with a repeated measure’s design (same participants participate in each independent variable condition)
- used a visual illusion called the auto kinetic effect, where a stationary spotlight, viewed in a dark room, appears to move
- participants were falsely told that that the experimenter would move the light
- they had to estimate how far it moved
- in the first phase individual participants made repeated estimates
- then put into groups of 3 and had to make their estimates again with the others present
- then retested again individually
13
Q
What were the results of Sherifs’ study?
A
- when alone participants developed their own estimates which varied between participants
- once in a group, estimates tended to converge and become more alike
- when then retested alone, estimates were more like the group estimates than their original ones
14
Q
What was the conclusion of Sherifs’ study?
A
- participants were influenced by the estimates of others
- group norm developed
- estimates converged as participants used information from others to help them
- they were affected by informational social influence
15
Q
Evaluation of Sherifs’ study +ve
A
- laboratory experiment so there was strict control of the variables meaning results are unlikely to have been affected by a third variable, makes it possible to establish cause and effect
- also means experiment can be replicated
- repeated measures aspect meant that participant variables that could have affected the results were kept constant
16
Q
Evaluation of Sherifs’ study -ve
A
- participants were asked to judge the movement of light which wasn’t even moving which rarely occurs in real life
- lacks ecological validity, created an artificial situation so can be criticised
- lacks population validity, gender bias, the sample used was quite limited, all participants were male so results cannot be generalised for everyone
- ethical problem was deception as they were told the light was moving when it wasn’t
17
Q
Year of Sherifs’ experiment?
A
- 1935
18
Q
What was Aschs’ method?
A
- carried out a laboratory experiment with an independent groups design (sample divided into groups and are exposed to different experimental conditions)
- made up of groups of 8 with 1 participant and the rest confederates acting like real participants
- the group where told to say which of 3 ‘test lines’ was the same as the ‘standard line’
- real participant always went last or second to last
- each participant did 18 trials
- on 12 of these confederates all gave the same wrong answers
- was also a control group where participants judged the line lengths in isolation