Social impact of religious and economic changes under Mary I

Question 1

liturgical rites

Answer 1

how the sacraments are performed

Question 2

mary’s problems with religious reforms

Answer 2

protestants were a popular minority
protestant reforms were backed by law- complicated
most landowners didn’t want to give back land taken from monasteries
80 MPs didn’t want to repeal Edward’s reforms

Question 3

what made Mary so unpopular

Answer 3

previous religious changes had been made over generation or so, Mary made her changes very quickly
didn’t like the Spanish marriage
her support wasn’t for a return of catholicism but because people preferred her to Northumberland

Question 4

removal of protestants

Answer 4

prominent protestant clergy were deprived of their positions and some imprisoned
foreign protestants ordered to leave the country

Question 5

act of repeal (1)

Answer 5

1553
repealed all of Edwards laws

Question 6

act of repeal (2)

Answer 6

1555
repealed any doctrinal legislation since 1529
church lands unresolved
order of service at the time of Henry’s death is restored
Pope is head of the church

Question 7

impact on clergy

Answer 7

all married would be deprived of their livings

Question 8

church and law

Answer 8

In order to remove previous doctrinal legislation, Mary had to acknowledge that statute law was superior to divine law (going against her own belief)
legal status of the CofE was upheld

Question 9

Reginald Pole

Answer 9

Cardinal who fled at Henry’s reforms
returned as archbishop of canterbury
wasn’t liked by Pope Paul IV, in 1557 he is dismissed as papal legate
his influence therefore diminished but Mary remained loyal to him

Question 10

Pope Paul IV

Answer 10

Anti-Spanish and though Pole was a heretic
Mary finds herself at war with the Pope when she does not acknowledge her new legate

Question 11

burning of protestants

Answer 11

heresy law operating in Henry VIII were revived and protestants who would not renounce their faith were burnt at the stake as a warning
289 burnt including Bishops Cranmer, Hooper and Ridley
these were a failure and didn’t stop heresy

Question 12

Pole’s reforms

Answer 12

tries to ensure the quality of pastoral provisions
hoped that education would help

Question 13

positive societal benefit due to the reinstatement of catholicism

Answer 13

chantries and guilds

Question 14

humanism in Marian England

Answer 14

none existent
Pope Paul saw Erasmus as a heretic
no scope for humanism in Mary’s reforms
thought of her reforms were to help at parish level

Question 15

differences between Henry VIII and Mary’s catholicism

Answer 15

Pole wanted to express papal supremacy (ironic) which was different to pre-reformation

Question 16

if Mary had more time would these reforms of worked

Answer 16

that’s food for thought

Question 17

Problems for the Marian economy

Answer 17

still inherits her fathers debts
inflation and debasement of coinage
gives away crown lands for free (monasteries)
population increase
migration from countryside to towns, no one to farm the food so there are shortages
bad harvests
bubonic plague!

Question 18

solution to unemployment

Answer 18

restricts the movement of textile and other industries

Question 19

failure in trade

Answer 19

didn’t seek out any new overseas markets
Didn’t want to offend spain so they didn’t trade with North Africa (no exploration either)

Question 20

solutions for finance

Answer 20

Northumberland’s commission to investigate economic administration begins
courts of first fruits and tenth/of augmentation are dissolved in court of exchequer
plans for recoinage
new book rates to raise customs revenue in 1558 (helped Liz)

Question 21

failures in finance

Answer 21

forgave edward’s last taxation

Question 22

solutions for food shortages

Answer 22

measures made to prevent grain hoarding and encourage pasture land being converted into tillage

Question 23

When was the Wyatt Rebellion

Answer 23

Jan-feb 1554

Question 24

causes of the Wyatt rebellion

Answer 24

xenephobia towards Phillip
protestant grievances
decline in wool trade (economic and social grievances for lower classes)
gentry who had lost office

Question 25

aims of wyatt

Answer 25

replace Mary, although this was never outwardly states, with Edward Courtenay married to Elizabeth (Wyatt’s plan)

Question 26

Events of wyatt

Answer 26

planned revolts in Devon, Hertfordshire, Leicester and Kent but Kent was the only ones to actually revolt
3,000 men who defeat Norfolk

Question 27

Mary’s response to Wyatt

Answer 27

uses her speech skills and raises support at guild hall
Rebels reach Southwark but cannot enter London due to crown forces and are defeated

Question 28

consequences of Wyatt

Answer 28

execution of Lady Jane Grey (her father was involved in the rebellion)
100 other conspirators executed
demonstrates popular discontent with religion and marriage to Spain

Question 29

overall impact of Wyatt

Answer 29

Shows support for Liz (not implicated because they thought she’d be queen soon)
Wyatt was close to success- scary