Social impact of religious and economic changes under Mary I Flashcards
liturgical rites
how the sacraments are performed
mary’s problems with religious reforms
protestants were a popular minority
protestant reforms were backed by law- complicated
most landowners didn’t want to give back land taken from monasteries
80 MPs didn’t want to repeal Edward’s reforms
what made Mary so unpopular
previous religious changes had been made over generation or so, Mary made her changes very quickly
didn’t like the Spanish marriage
her support wasn’t for a return of catholicism but because people preferred her to Northumberland
removal of protestants
prominent protestant clergy were deprived of their positions and some imprisoned
foreign protestants ordered to leave the country
act of repeal (1)
1553
repealed all of Edwards laws
act of repeal (2)
1555
repealed any doctrinal legislation since 1529
church lands unresolved
order of service at the time of Henry’s death is restored
Pope is head of the church
impact on clergy
all married would be deprived of their livings
church and law
In order to remove previous doctrinal legislation, Mary had to acknowledge that statute law was superior to divine law (going against her own belief)
legal status of the CofE was upheld
Reginald Pole
Cardinal who fled at Henry’s reforms
returned as archbishop of canterbury
wasn’t liked by Pope Paul IV, in 1557 he is dismissed as papal legate
his influence therefore diminished but Mary remained loyal to him
Pope Paul IV
Anti-Spanish and though Pole was a heretic
Mary finds herself at war with the Pope when she does not acknowledge her new legate
burning of protestants
heresy law operating in Henry VIII were revived and protestants who would not renounce their faith were burnt at the stake as a warning
289 burnt including Bishops Cranmer, Hooper and Ridley
these were a failure and didn’t stop heresy
Pole’s reforms
tries to ensure the quality of pastoral provisions
hoped that education would help
positive societal benefit due to the reinstatement of catholicism
chantries and guilds
humanism in Marian England
none existent
Pope Paul saw Erasmus as a heretic
no scope for humanism in Mary’s reforms
thought of her reforms were to help at parish level
differences between Henry VIII and Mary’s catholicism
Pole wanted to express papal supremacy (ironic) which was different to pre-reformation
if Mary had more time would these reforms of worked
that’s food for thought
Problems for the Marian economy
still inherits her fathers debts
inflation and debasement of coinage
gives away crown lands for free (monasteries)
population increase
migration from countryside to towns, no one to farm the food so there are shortages
bad harvests
bubonic plague!
solution to unemployment
restricts the movement of textile and other industries
failure in trade
didn’t seek out any new overseas markets
Didn’t want to offend spain so they didn’t trade with North Africa (no exploration either)
solutions for finance
Northumberland’s commission to investigate economic administration begins
courts of first fruits and tenth/of augmentation are dissolved in court of exchequer
plans for recoinage
new book rates to raise customs revenue in 1558 (helped Liz)
failures in finance
forgave edward’s last taxation
solutions for food shortages
measures made to prevent grain hoarding and encourage pasture land being converted into tillage
When was the Wyatt Rebellion
Jan-feb 1554
causes of the Wyatt rebellion
xenephobia towards Phillip
protestant grievances
decline in wool trade (economic and social grievances for lower classes)
gentry who had lost office
