Henry VII Consolidation of Power Flashcards
Why did Henry need to consolidate his power
War of the Roses
weak claim to throne
won his throne through conquest
stranger to England
needed reliable nobles
Henry’s claim to the throne
weak, through his mother via a 3rd son
his mother was also previously barred from the throne
won his throne through conquest
so his divine right would be inquestion
legacy of the war of the roses
Henry had to re-establish the monarchies power after years of change
many of the nobles were very fickle during the war, Henry needed reliablilty
the war of the roses did not end on Henry’s ascention
When did Henry become king
1485
Marriage to Elizabeth of York
united York and Lancaster
detained Liz after Bosworth and married her after he had been coronated
Tudor rose
combination of the York and Lancaster rose which Henry then put in loads of Tudor architecture as a sign of his power (eg the Henry VII chapel in Westminster abbey)
who did Henry detain after his victory
Elizabeth of York and the Earl of Warwick (yorkist claimant)
Parliament
Henry held his first Parliament after his coronation
Acts of Attainder
if accused of attainder, you were a traitor
Anyone who fought against the King during the battle of Bosworth was a traitor and had to forfeit their lands to the crown (increasing revenue)
Back dating
Henry VII back dated his reign to before the battle of Bosworth which meant anyone who fought against him was a traitor to the crown
Nobility
Henry often performed public knighthoods and gave rewards for support
Sovereign pound
Henry VII was the first person to use to the sovereign pound- indicator of his power to his people and foreign visitors
Spies
After Sir Stanley’s betrayal, Henry introduced spies almost everywhere- including confessionalise
Children
2 sons and 3 daughters with Elizabeth
Arthur
1486
Henry (VIII)
1491
Marriage of Aruthur
to Catherine of Aragon in 1501
Threats to Henry’s power
Viscount Lovell, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck
Lovell rebellion
easter 1486
events of lovell
Yorkist
tried to raise a rebellion in Yorkshire- failed
Helped by the Staffords (noble family)
Lovell escaped but the staffords were arrested
little enthusiasm
Lambert Simnel
pretender- earl of warwick (figurehead)
supported by the earl of Lincoln (financial support)
events of Lambert Simnel
proclaimed King of Ireland in 1487
in response Henry has the real earl paraded round London, this prompts Lincoln to flee Henry’s court
Earl of Lincoln
John de la Pole
Burgundy against Henry
after fleeing Henry’s court, Lincoln joins Lovell in Margaret of Burgundy’s court (yorkist)
They persuade her to raise an army of mercenaries to take to England
Henry’s response to Burgundy
Henry had spies and was expecting his invasion
re-instates the Earls of Northumberland to power (he was untrustworthy as he had led a large portion of Richard III troops)
re-enforced coastal defence in east Anglia
Impact of re-instating Northumberland
diffused Richard’s old power base and ensured that the yorkist Howard family would not support Lincoln and Lovell (Northumberland was a Howard)
When was the battle of Stoke field
1487
Battle of stoke field prior
rebels land in Cumberland and try to raise support in Richard’s heartland, the troops are very reluctant to join- they want to see who will win
Battle of Stoke field
Henry faces Lincoln but is not confident in his power (Richard was double crossed)
However, since Lincoln did not raise the support he needed, he lost in the face of the effective leader the Earl of Oxford
Impact of Stoke field
End of the War of the Roses
Lincoln killed
After stoke field
mild in his treatment of those who rebelled (win them over)
developed the policy of bonds of good behaviour to prevents rebellious landowners from falling into financial ruin
Bonds of good behaviour
Given a sum to pay, this sum did not have to be paid back if the person owing it observed ‘good behaviour’
Perkin Warbeck
active for 8 years
1491-1499
pretended to be Richard of York
the white rose
de la pole family
2 brothers left
one fled, came back and then fled again with the other
lived out their lives in central europe and didn’t cause many problems
How did Henry restore the power of the monarchy?
Consolidated his own power
had sons to continue his line
ended the war of the roses
remained in power even though pretenders
increased royal finances and control of the nobility
Names of the Stanleys
Lord Thomas Stanley (m. Margret Beauford)
Sir William Stanley (betrayed Henry)
Perkin Warbeck and france
court of Charles VIII of France in 1492 but forced to flee to burgundy.
Perkin Warbeck in Burgundy
Here he develops his conspiracy (Sir Stanley gets involved) and attempts to land in England in 1495- Henry was warned by a spy and this attempt fails
Warbeck flees to James IV of Scotland
1496- small scottish force cross the boarder on Warbeck’s behalf but quickly retreat
Perkin Warbeck and Scotland
Given a noble marriage
1496- small Scottish force cross the boarder on Warbeck’s behalf but quickly retreat
James gives up on Warbeck and accepts Henry VII offer of marriage, to his daughter Margaret
Perkin Warbeck in Cornwall
in a final attempt to take the throne, Warbeck tries to exploit the uncertainties created by the Cornish rebellion- his forces were crushed and her surrenders
henry allows Perkin to stay in court but he is confined to the tower after trying to abscond
Death of Perkin and Warwick
Both are accused of working together to try and escape (this claim is dubious- life imprisonment/impersonation and taken its tole on both men)
Both accused of treason, tried and executed
act of Resumption
1486
recalled all crown lands given since 1455
