Henry VII Consolidation of Power Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Henry need to consolidate his power

A

War of the Roses
weak claim to throne
won his throne through conquest
stranger to England
needed reliable nobles

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2
Q

Henry’s claim to the throne

A

weak, through his mother via a 3rd son
his mother was also previously barred from the throne

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3
Q

won his throne through conquest

A

so his divine right would be inquestion

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4
Q

legacy of the war of the roses

A

Henry had to re-establish the monarchies power after years of change
many of the nobles were very fickle during the war, Henry needed reliablilty
the war of the roses did not end on Henry’s ascention

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5
Q

When did Henry become king

A

1485

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6
Q

Marriage to Elizabeth of York

A

united York and Lancaster
detained Liz after Bosworth and married her after he had been coronated

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7
Q

Tudor rose

A

combination of the York and Lancaster rose which Henry then put in loads of Tudor architecture as a sign of his power (eg the Henry VII chapel in Westminster abbey)

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8
Q

who did Henry detain after his victory

A

Elizabeth of York and the Earl of Warwick (yorkist claimant)

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9
Q

Parliament

A

Henry held his first Parliament after his coronation

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10
Q

Acts of Attainder

A

if accused of attainder, you were a traitor
Anyone who fought against the King during the battle of Bosworth was a traitor and had to forfeit their lands to the crown (increasing revenue)

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11
Q

Back dating

A

Henry VII back dated his reign to before the battle of Bosworth which meant anyone who fought against him was a traitor to the crown

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12
Q

Nobility

A

Henry often performed public knighthoods and gave rewards for support

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13
Q

Sovereign pound

A

Henry VII was the first person to use to the sovereign pound- indicator of his power to his people and foreign visitors

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14
Q

Spies

A

After Sir Stanley’s betrayal, Henry introduced spies almost everywhere- including confessionalise

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15
Q

Children

A

2 sons and 3 daughters with Elizabeth

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16
Q

Arthur

A

1486

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17
Q

Henry (VIII)

A

1491

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18
Q

Marriage of Aruthur

A

to Catherine of Aragon in 1501

19
Q

Threats to Henry’s power

A

Viscount Lovell, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck

20
Q

Lovell rebellion

A

easter 1486

21
Q

events of lovell

A

Yorkist
tried to raise a rebellion in Yorkshire- failed
Helped by the Staffords (noble family)
Lovell escaped but the staffords were arrested
little enthusiasm

22
Q

Lambert Simnel

A

pretender- earl of warwick (figurehead)
supported by the earl of Lincoln (financial support)

23
Q

events of Lambert Simnel

A

proclaimed King of Ireland in 1487
in response Henry has the real earl paraded round London, this prompts Lincoln to flee Henry’s court

24
Q

Earl of Lincoln

A

John de la Pole

25
Burgundy against Henry
after fleeing Henry's court, Lincoln joins Lovell in Margaret of Burgundy's court (yorkist) They persuade her to raise an army of mercenaries to take to England
26
Henry's response to Burgundy
Henry had spies and was expecting his invasion re-instates the Earls of Northumberland to power (he was untrustworthy as he had led a large portion of Richard III troops) re-enforced coastal defence in east Anglia
27
Impact of re-instating Northumberland
diffused Richard's old power base and ensured that the yorkist Howard family would not support Lincoln and Lovell (Northumberland was a Howard)
28
When was the battle of Stoke field
1487
29
Battle of stoke field prior
rebels land in Cumberland and try to raise support in Richard's heartland, the troops are very reluctant to join- they want to see who will win
30
Battle of Stoke field
Henry faces Lincoln but is not confident in his power (Richard was double crossed) However, since Lincoln did not raise the support he needed, he lost in the face of the effective leader the Earl of Oxford
31
Impact of Stoke field
End of the War of the Roses Lincoln killed
32
After stoke field
mild in his treatment of those who rebelled (win them over) developed the policy of bonds of good behaviour to prevents rebellious landowners from falling into financial ruin
33
Bonds of good behaviour
Given a sum to pay, this sum did not have to be paid back if the person owing it observed 'good behaviour'
34
Perkin Warbeck
active for 8 years 1491-1499 pretended to be Richard of York
35
the white rose
de la pole family 2 brothers left one fled, came back and then fled again with the other lived out their lives in central europe and didn't cause many problems
36
How did Henry restore the power of the monarchy?
Consolidated his own power had sons to continue his line ended the war of the roses remained in power even though pretenders increased royal finances and control of the nobility
37
Names of the Stanleys
Lord Thomas Stanley (m. Margret Beauford) Sir William Stanley (betrayed Henry)
38
Perkin Warbeck and france
court of Charles VIII of France in 1492 but forced to flee to burgundy.
39
Perkin Warbeck in Burgundy
Here he develops his conspiracy (Sir Stanley gets involved) and attempts to land in England in 1495- Henry was warned by a spy and this attempt fails Warbeck flees to James IV of Scotland 1496- small scottish force cross the boarder on Warbeck's behalf but quickly retreat
40
Perkin Warbeck and Scotland
Given a noble marriage 1496- small Scottish force cross the boarder on Warbeck's behalf but quickly retreat James gives up on Warbeck and accepts Henry VII offer of marriage, to his daughter Margaret
41
Perkin Warbeck in Cornwall
in a final attempt to take the throne, Warbeck tries to exploit the uncertainties created by the Cornish rebellion- his forces were crushed and her surrenders henry allows Perkin to stay in court but he is confined to the tower after trying to abscond
42
Death of Perkin and Warwick
Both are accused of working together to try and escape (this claim is dubious- life imprisonment/impersonation and taken its tole on both men) Both accused of treason, tried and executed
43
act of Resumption
1486 recalled all crown lands given since 1455