Henry VIII Later Government

Question 1

Different court factions

Answer 1

reformist and conservative

Question 2

Reformist court

Answer 2

Cromwell
Cranmer (archbishop)
Seymour (brother of Jane Seymour)
Wanted more protestant reforms
responsible for both the Cleaves and Paar marriage
Seymour spread rumours of Howard’s infidelity which resulted in her execution and the arrest of Norfolk

Question 3

When and why was a conciliar government revived

Answer 3

1539-40
due to conservative reform

Question 4

Downfall of Howard

Answer 4

rumours she wasn’t a virgin when she married Henry and accused of infidelity
Cranmer wrote Henry a letter informing him of this (reformist win)

Question 5

Continuity

Answer 5

Henry still wants to be the warrior king and returns to fight with France
commissions a new set of armour
personal attack of France which just made England bankrupt

Question 6

conservative faction

Answer 6

Norfolk
Bishop Gardiner
Katheryn Howard
Accepted break from the church but didn’t want anymore reforms
Got Henry to write the 6 articles

Question 7

Historiography of Henry’s later governing

Answer 7

Either: Henry was weak and had very little to do with governing OR he was upset with the downfall of his two ministers and took charge of governing himself

Question 8

Changes in gov after the 1540

Answer 8

Henry didn’t appoint a new chief minster after Cromwell, largely remains as a conciliar gov

Question 9

Why did Henry marry Paar

Answer 9

Because he was still worried about his imperial legacy and and heirs

Question 10

Henry’s attitude in later life

Answer 10

he is self-conscious and wanting to relive his glory days
-male courtiers start to wear baggier clothing to match Henry who is very overweight- humiliated
-Henry commissions a new set of armour and launches a personal attack on France

Question 11

final years of governing

Answer 11

Henry shuts himself away and governs himself (or he was just doing nothing and his council were governing-historiography)

Question 12

Phases of Henry’s government

Answer 12

Conciliar- 1509-1514
Wolsey- 1514-1529
Conciliar- 1529-1532
Cromwell- 1532-1540
Conciliar- 1540-1547

Question 13

How effective was the first Conciliar governemnt- 1509-1514

Answer 13

Not particularly (4/10)
Henry often at odds with his father’s old advisors
Had some successful policies such as the renewal of the treaty of Etaples- this later went out the window

Question 14

How effective was Wolsey- 1514-1529

Answer 14

Rather effective (7/10)
Wolsey implemented good reforms but often couldn’t handle their popularity
did almost everything the King asked of him (eg wars with France)
managed to include England in prominent treaties to boost their importance
ultimate failure was due to the Boleyn marriage

Question 15

How effective was the 2nd conciliar government

Answer 15

Barely (3/10)
didn’t pass many laws, so it is hard to judge
mainly focused on the annulment of Henry’s marriage and building arguments to support it
While the marriage was eventually annulled, this only happened during Cromwell’s time

Question 16

How effective was Cromwell

Answer 16

Rather effective (7/10)
Like Wolsey he managed to do most of what the King asked, including a full scale reformation
His failing was partially down to opportunistic court conspiracy surrounding the unpopular cleaves marriage
His execution was something Henry lived to regret

Question 17

How effective was the 3rd conciliar government

Answer 17

Not particularly (3/10)
Henry was old and weak
his war with France was an expensive failure that left England bankrupt
Henry did most of the governing rather than his council