Henry VIII Society Flashcards
Role of the nobility
Exert royal authority in areas, especially after rebellions
How did the role of the nobility change in Henry’s rule
Peerage increased (reached by royal successful service)
Lost their land to Henry who was gaining power
Important nobility
Duke of Norfolk
Edward Seymour
Duke of Suffolk
Who was Thomas Fiennes
In 1541 he was tried and convicted for the murder of a neighbours servant were he was then hanged like a common criminal
Thomas Darce, Lord Fiennes
Example of the nobility supporting war
Earl of Shrewsbury raised over 4,000 men for the invasion of France in 1513
Information about the gentry
Knighthoods were a sign of royal favour
Assumed they had the money to reflect the status
Increased in Henry’s reign
Historians theories on the Gentry
Guy = 5,000 gentry families in 1540
Susan Bridgen = 200 knight families in 1524
Increased in Henry’s rule (latter half)
Roles of Gentry
Administered laws in smaller areas and were support for the King
Aimed for their sons to have legal and administrative training to go on and become Lords/nobles
Commoners in Henry’s rule
Working class labourers
little chance of secure employment and owned very little
Role of Commoners in Henry’s reign
Working force
Government were scared of commoners because they had the motivations to revolt
Did not like the Amicable Grant (raised taxes) which almost caused a rebellion
Why did Henry create a different atmosphere among the nobles to his father
He believed in chivalry
warrior king
needed their support because his rule was much less peaceful than Henrys
Why did Henry reward loyalty
Support
encourages more to be loyal
Why did Henry ensure control in provincial areas
So Henry could have a unified England and further expand his influence
Why did Henry try and show generosity
to win the support of the people and prevent them from looking for another ruler
Why did Henry need the support from the nobility in going to war
Because without their approval of war they could revolt or rebel is the war failed or they lost
Pope called for a crusade and Henry needs their support and armies to win a war
Control of Wales in Henry’s rule
Separate territory from England at the time but was governed by Lordships and under English rules (ruling dynasty had Welsh origins)
What changed the laws in Wales?
1535 and 1542
Laws in Wales act
Earls now administrated Wales
Most of its culture was destroyed apart from the language
English Palatinates
Countries that had separate jurisdictions from the rest of the country
Lancashire, Durham and Cheshire
L and C had fallen back into royal control ages ago but Durham remained separate
What changed the situation in Durham
1536
Act of Resuming Liberties
What council governed Wales
Council of Wales and Marches
Wales and the 4 bordering counties
seen as a benefit to live in because it had cheap, easy and local access to the law
Scottish boarder
Very hard to govern
lawless
cold/hostile conditions
split to 3 marches and governed under a warden of lower birth or an outsider to the nation, as Henry believed a noble would abuse their power
What was the first rebellion (ish) in Henry’s rule
The Amicable Grant
(did not develop into a full scale rebellion)
When was the Amicable Grant rebellion
1525
Who rebelled in the AG
Commoners/peasants
particularly the unemployed because they couldn’t pay the taxes at all
Where did the AG happen
North Essex/south Suffolk
1000 amassed in at the boarder with a further 4000 resisting the taxation
Suppression of the AG
Henry instructed the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk to deal with the rebels
Brought an army to fight but doubted the idea they would fight their own which the Dukes told Wolsey who then begged the King to pardon those who rebelled
What did the AG rebellion signify
Henry could not operate in defiance of the taxpaying classes because they would rebel
Aftermath of the AG
leaders were treated leniently
Henry made out that it was not his doing and blamed the passing of the Grant on Wolsey
The grant was no longer collected
Reasons for the Lincolnshire rebellion
Duke of Suffolk is put in place as great magnate of Lincolnshire which sparked the rebellion
Who was Robert Aske
leader of the pilgrimage of Grace
Reasons for the pilgrimage of grace (6)
Monasteries
fear for parish churches
Suffolk in Lincolnshire
Tenant’s grievances
court conspiracy
Resentment to taxation
PG and Monasteries
Robert Aske supported monasteries and many mourned the loss of the charity and education from them
The fear that the North would become less powerful/impoverished by the fall of monastic lands into the hands of southerners
PG and Parish churches
People were scared that many traditional catholic practices would be lost
royal injunctions
pilgrimages
Many parishes were amalgamated
PG and Tenants
one of the reasons for the mass of support and strength of the rebellion was due to tenant’s grievances
PG and court conspiracy
the theory that a conspiracy was created by the supporters of Catherine of Aragon who capitalised on northern discontent
PG and Taxes
resentment of taxation and other economic grievances were all expressed in the revolt
Lincolnshire rebellion
1536
Pilgrimage of Grace
1536
renewal of pilgrimage
1537
how was the Lincolnshire revolt supressed
collapsed quickly after Suffolk arrived with his forces
Where did the pilgrimage capture
occupied Hull, York and Pontefract castle
How was the pilgrimage originally stopped
Norfolk arrived with forces but was outnumbered so he tried talks instead which resulted in the Pontefract articles and the overall promise that the King would restore monasteries
What stopped with second pilgrimage uprising
Rebellion renewed in 1537 where Norfolk met their forces with violence and the martial law; 74 rebels were hanged and others taken for a trail and then executed
Impact of the Pilgrimage of Grace
Did not stop the religious progression of England but it did scare Henry, he had ignored warnings of an increased resentment in the area and was lucky Norfolk was successful
Pontefract articles
set of rebel demands given to Norfolk
grievances were chaotic and ranged from minor to major and general to specific places
there was anger at Cromwell and his circle
Range of issues ranging from those of ordinary people to clergy
ALSO wanted parliament to be held in York which implies that they also had regional grievances
How did English society change and with what effects?
due to the reformation, there was a lot of fear surrounding the future of parish churches and other religious issues
increased enclosure- unpopular and led to revolts
most threatening Tudor revolt took place
