Social And Cultural Factors. Flashcards
Why has leisure time increased in the last decade? (8)
- Better NHS.
- Development in the technology in the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION meant a shorter working day.
- Working weeks have become shorter and more flexible (flexi hours)
- Higher levels of unemployment.
- With the internet more people work from home, reducing travel time.
- More part time jobs and employers give longer paid holidays.
- Labour saving devices in the home have reduced the amount of time needed for domestic jobs.
- Early retirement.
Leisure time
The part of the day a person has when their from the everyday duties of life and can choose what to do.
Active leisure definition and examples.
Involves exertion of physical or mental energy.
Often has little competition.
E.g. Yoga, walking, cycling, golf.
Passive leisure definition and examples.
Activity which means the person expends little physical or mental energy.
Beneficial to people with stressful jobs e.g. Police.
E.g. Going to the cinema and watching tv.
Recreation
Relaxing and enjoying yourself.
Physical recreation.
Doing something which is active and healthy in your free time.
How can physical recreation be affected by your age?
Somethings are more suited to older people e.g. Bowls and walking- which is low impact and less strenuous.
Young people may prefer to try trend sports e.g. Snowboarding.
How can physical recreation be affected by your location?
You can’t surf or ski without mountains or water.
How can your physical recreation be affected by cost/provision?
Not all activities available in your area.
Might be to expensive to do regularly.
Outdoor recreation definition and examples
Are usually associated with a challenge or risk often have to deal with the natural environment.
E.g. Climbing, sailing, canoeing.
Lifelong/lifetime sports definition and examples.
Greatest possible benefit through active leisure which can continue throughout your whole life.
E.g. Swimming sessions- junior, free, aquafit.
Public provision of sports facilities.
Local authorities have legal requirements to provide leisure activities.
Includes libraries, sports centres, playing fields.
Local authorities run 1600 public leisure centres e.g. Swimming pools, gyms.
Local facilities make sports available to all members of the community at a reasonable cost. Not much profit is made.
Private provision of sports facilities.
Include private sports clubs, commercial sports centres e.g. Fitness first
Charge membership fees and possibly joining fees
- more expensive than public facilities.
Run to make a profit.
Often offer just one sport.
User groups (4)
Mother and baby- in the day when leisure facilities are quieter. Chance to meet other owners.
Unemployed/shift workers- day time, cheap offers/membership cards.
Teenagers- fun activities, after school time.
Over 50s- low intensity excercise, social emphasis to older people.
Etiquette
The unwritten code of behaviour that players keep to when competing.
Encourage fair play, sportsmanship, sporting spirit and respect for opponents.
Examples of etiquette in sport.
Shaking hands with opponent before and after the game.
Responding positively to officials and treating them with respect.
Walking before you are given out in cricket.
Kicking the ball out if a player is injured.
Playing safely to ensure safety.
Not trying to bend the rules to your advantage.
Peers
People of a similar age to you.
Peer group pressure
When a peer group attempts to persuade someone to follow their lead.
Peers affect on physical activity
A friend ma pay take part in a specific sport and they persuade you to do so (positive)
You may be discouraged about a specific sport because of your friends. Some friends may have a negative view about PE. Some may persuade you into other leisure activities.
Family affects on physical activity.
What your parents think about sport may affect you and your participation.
Parents have a positive view it will encourage you and increase participation.
Parents may come and support when competing.
If parents are good at sport- good role model- encourages participation and good view of sport.
Parents finance sport and transport children to practices.
Parents may be the opposite- negative, dis encouraging, pressuring academic work.
History of women in sport.
Stereotypically didn't take part. Was unheard of. Limited. Expected to cook and clean. Gradually became more expectable.
Gender affect on physical activity.
Increasing opportunities for women- Sports women Umpire Officials Organisers Tv presenter Managers Sports pundits
Ethnicity affects on physical activity
Racism-
Could stop some countries participating in sport.
Some people may feel restricted because of their ethnicity.
E.g. Asians playing cricket and not football.
Countries with dress codes could restrict participation in sport.
(Stereotypes) Black Americans playing basketball. Kenyans running Black Americas sprinting: All because of role models
