Diet And Nutrition Key Terms.

Question 0

Carbohydrates- examples (give 5)

Answer 0

Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, cakes.

Question 1

Carbohydrates- function.

Answer 1

A ready source of energy.

Store of energy as glycogen.

Question 2

Carbohydrates- the types.

Answer 2

Simple carbohydrates- found in sugars:
Gives immediate energy, but contains no other nutrients.

Complex carbohydrates: found in starches:
A good source of energy. They are stored in the body for rapid use by the muscles , particularly important for athletes.
Complex carbs also contain vitamins, minerals and fibres.

Question 3

Carbohydrates- aid to a sportsman.

Answer 3

It’s a ready source of energy for when the muscles need it. Most athletes have a high carbohydrate diet as they use them up quickly.

Question 4

Proteins- function

Answer 4

Growth and repair of tissues, enzymes and hormones.

Question 5

Proteins- foods their found in (5 examples).

Answer 5

Meat, fish, nuts, eggs and poultry.

Question 6

Proteins- aid to a sportsman

Answer 6

Build muscles and repair tissues in the body.
Essential after injury to heal quickly.
The bigger the muscles you need the more protein you need to eat e.g. A wrestler.

Question 7

Fats- function

Answer 7

Source of slow release energy.

Can be stored in the body.

Question 8

Fats- foods their found in (5 examples)

Answer 8

Milk, cheese, butter, fatty meats and oils.

Question 9

Fats- aid to a sportsman.

Answer 9

Increase size and weight to benefit the performer e.g. A shot putter.
But to much weight can negatively effect a performance.

Question 10

Macro nutrients

Answer 10

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

Question 11

Micro nutrients.

Answer 11

Vitamins and minerals.

Question 12

Vitamins- function

Answer 12

Helps general health- vision, skin conditions, forming of red blood cells and clotting, strengthens bone and teeth.

Question 13

Vitamins- foods their found in and the type of vitamin (4 types).

Answer 13

Vitamin C- fruit (oranges).
Vitamin A- liver and carrots.
Vitamin B1- nuts and whole grain.
Vitamin E- vegetable oil.

Question 14

Vitamins- aid to a sportsman.

Answer 14

General health is important to perform well and train effectively.
When training vitamin Bs are used so need replenishing.

Question 15

Minerals- function

Answer 15

Calcium helps bone growth.

Iron helps make red blood cells and the way blood is carried by haemoglobin.

Question 16

Minerals- foods their found in ( 2 types with 2 examples)

Answer 16

Iodine- red meat and green vegetables.

Iron- cheese and cereal.

Question 17

Minerals- aid to a sportsman.

Answer 17

Increase oxygen carrying capacity to muscles.
Iodine aids growth which is essential for energy production.
Iron helps produce red blood cells, so more oxygen can be carried around the body preventing fatigue.
Calcium helps blood to clot, which aids recovery. It also strengthens bone and muscle.

Question 18

Fibre- function

Answer 18

Helps digestion.

Question 19

Fibre- the two types.

Answer 19

Insoluble- adds bulk to food so moves through digestive system.
Soluble- helps reduce cholesterol, keeping heart healthy.

Question 20

Fibre- food it’s found in (4 examples)

Answer 20

Leaves, seed cases, cereals and whole grains.

Question 21

Fibre- aid to a sportsman

Answer 21

Less cholesterol in the body means the heart is more efficient.
By keeping the digestive system functioning regularly the body retains less waste.

Question 22

Water- function

Answer 22

Two thirds of the body is water.

Need to replenish water which is lost in urine, sweat and condensation when we breathe.

Question 23

Water- foods their found in (2 examples)

Answer 23

Fluids and foods (e.g. Fruit)

Question 24

Water- aid to a sportsman.

Answer 24

Water allows blood to flow more easily.

Important in excercising- Body demands oxygen, nutrients, heat control and waste removal.

Question 25

Carbohydrate loading

Answer 25

The building up of carbohydrates before a endurance event to boost energy stores.

Question 26

Example of when to use carbohydrate loading and a specific example people do it at.

Answer 26

Night before running a marathon.

London marathon pasta party.

Question 27

Glycogen

Answer 27

The way that excess carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles.

Question 28

Malnutrition

Answer 28

When you are physically weak because you don’t eat enough or not enough of the right foods.

Question 29

Anorexia

Answer 29

When people don’t allow themselves to not eat properly, have a distorted body image and think that their fat.

Question 30

Dehydration

Answer 30

A rapid loss of water from the body caused by not drinking enough and sweating.

Question 31

Obesity.

Answer 31

Someone who is abnormally fat, they are more than 20% over the weight for their height.
Which results in health risks.

Question 32

Fats- the two types.

Answer 32

Unsaturated fats- they are usually found in foods such as fish oils, cooking oils and sunflower seed oils.
Saturated fats- found in foods such as meat, milk, butter and cheese.
Saturated foods can be converted into cholesterol by the liver.
No more than 10% of your energy should come from saturated fats.

Question 33

What can high cholesterol be linked to.

Answer 33

Heart disease.

Question 34

Excess fat is stored as…..

Answer 34

Body fat.