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Sierra guide to success > SOCI 365: Final Exam > Flashcards

SOCI 365: Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is structural functionalism

A

views society as a set of interconnected elements that work together to preserve the stability and the well-being of society
- everything in society has a purpose therefor poverty and inequality has its purpose in society

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2
Q

What are manifest functions

A

the obvious and intended goals or effects of social structures and institutions
example: formal schooling is to provide student with the necessary skills and knowledge ad skills to work effectively in society

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3
Q

What is the latent functions?

A

Hidden, unstated, and unintentional consequences of activities in an organization
Example: bringing students together to make friends and relationships

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4
Q

What are the main social approaches

A
  • Structural functionalism
  • Conflict theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
  • Social constructionism
  • Feminism
  • Post-Modernism and Post-structuralism
  • Population health perspective
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5
Q

Who do conflict theory criticize

A

Functionalist sociologists for ignoring the inequality, conflict, and disagreement that exist among members of society

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6
Q

What is the difference between bourgeoisie and the proletariat

A

The bourgeoisie owns the means of production
The proletariat is the working class must sell there labor to the bourgeoisie in exchange for a living wage

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7
Q

What is symbolic interactionalism

A

Studies the ways people interpret and respond to the actions of other. Society and its problems are the products of continuous face to face interaction

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8
Q

What are classes

A

People who share common economic condition or interest

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9
Q

What is post modernism

A

a school of thought that denies the validity of universal, sweeping statements about the world or groups of people within the world, and analyzes the motives behind such statements and the consequences of people believing them

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10
Q

What post- structuralism two essential reasons

A
  • to help us think of new ways to solve old problems
  • to make finding the truth seem impossible
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11
Q

What is the population health perspectives

A

a broad approach to improve the health of society and to reduce health inequalities between social groups

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12
Q

What is class consciousness

A

An awareness of ones place in the social class structure, particularly as it relates to political class struggle

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13
Q

What is false consciousness

A

An acceptance of the discourse and values of the dominant class and thus a willingness to believe arguments that promote individualistic solution to problems

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14
Q

What is intergenerational income elasticity

A

the correlation between a parents and a childs income where higher scores indicate that mobility is less common

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15
Q

What is absolute poverty in relation to relative poverty

A

Absolute poverty: doesn’t have basic requirements to survive ( food, shelter)
Relative poverty: can survive but there living standards are far below the general living standards of society

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16
Q

What are research using measures of low income and poverty, and what does this show in regards to seniors?

A
  • Low income Measure (LIM)
  • Low income Cut-Offs (LICO)
    Shows that in Canada seniors have the lowest poverty rates among all OECD countries
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17
Q

What does the poverty line respond to?

A

the poverty line is elastic, and responds to changes in real income and to the success of advocates fighting to increase social welfare

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18
Q

What is the Market basket Measure (MBM)

A

Purpose is to define and measure poverty in absolute, non- relative terms
- it is based on the income that is needed to purchase a imaginary basket

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19
Q

What are the three areas of Human Development Index (HDI)

A
  • Life expectancy at birth
  • Literacy
  • GDP per capita
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20
Q

What areas have been rising in poverty?

A

Urban areas

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21
Q

What cities in Canada have the lowest and highest poverty rates

A

Quebec has the highest rates of poverty
Southern Ontario have the lowest

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22
Q

What do progressive welfare states have?

A

Are more financially equal

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23
Q

What are welfare states

A

social system in which government undertakes the responsibility of providing social and economic security to its citizens

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24
Q

What is the alienation in labor under capitalism

A

Distancing of the worker from other human beings as well as from the product and act of their labor

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25
Q

What does structural functionalist argue in regards to poverty

A

that poverty and inequality serves important functions in society

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26
Q

What does conflict believe in regards to poverty

A

That by exploiting workers through poverty working conditions and poor pay owners amass more wealth for themselves

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27
Q

What does Symbolic interactionalism believe in regards to poverty

A

focuses on labels like “poor” and “lazy” or “wealthy” and “egotistical”

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28
Q

What does relative income hypothesis proposes

A

that income inequality alone is enough to bring on various health problems

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29
Q

What is Canadian society described as?

A

Vertical mosaic which is were english and french canadians live at the top and everyone else lives at the bottom

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30
Q

What is entrance status

A

the occupational status a group enters when it first immigrates to Canada

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31
Q

What is institutional completeness?

A

A measure of the degree to which an immigrant ethnic group gives its own members the services they need through their own local institutions

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32
Q

What does diaspora mean

A

The global spread of migrants of any ethnic group and their culture

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33
Q

What does prejudice mean

A

A hostile or aversive attitude toward a person because of their membership in a particular group

34
Q

Who experiences lower than average employment and pay rates in most regions of Canada

A

Minorities

35
Q

What is internalized racism

A

The most destructive form of racism, where members of an racial group accepting and sometimes behaving according to imposed stereotypes

36
Q

What MBM measure?

A

Measure of poverty with absolute measure

36
Q

What does longitudinal analysis

A

An observational method in which data are gathered for the same subjects over a period of time

36
Q

What does senescence mean

A

The individuals mental and physical abilities gradually improve then decline with age

37
Q

What is disengagement theory

A

That as people age they voluntarily and normally remove themselves from activities and social contact

38
Q

What does intragenerational mobility mean

A

Mobility between labour markets positions within individual careers

39
Q

What does primogeniture mean

A

Where the oldest son inherits all the family property on the death of his parents

40
Q

What is filial responsibility

A

the moral responsibility of a grown child to look after their aging parent

41
Q

What is the “sandwich generation”

A

Middle aged adults caring for both there older parents and their own young children

42
Q

What is the suffrage movement

A

the effort to gain the right for women to vote in elections

43
Q

What is gender inequality

A

Is any difference between men and women in gain access towards societal rewards

44
Q

What is the glass ceiling

A

The metaphor that describes the situation of of many women having considerable success in the workplace but very few reaching the topmost positions because of structural barriers to advancements

45
Q

What is the feminization of poverty

A

a concept expressing the fact that women are over represented among the impoverished populations of the world.

46
Q

What is the quid pro quo sexual harassment

A

The blatant demand by employers for sexual favours in exchange for promotion opportunities, salary increases, and preferential treatment

47
Q

What have manufacturing jobs been replaced with

A

lower paying part time service sector jobs (women of color)

48
Q

What is sexual identity

A

how a person perceives their sexual self (gay, bi, queer)

49
Q

What is sexual orientation

A

ones sexual attraction to people of a specific sex

50
Q

What is heterosexism

A

Discrimination against homosexuals in favour of normalizing heterosexuality

51
Q

What is medical sociology

A

Involves the social factors that promote illness and contribute to health inequalities

52
Q

What is biomedical view of medicine

A

This medical perspective stresses western scientific principles and defines health as the absence of illness. According to this perspective the human body is a machine that sometimes needs repair and calls for the use of therapeutic intervention to cure disease and injury

53
Q

Define biopsycholosocial view of health and illness

A

a medical perspective that considers health and disease as a product of the interaction body, mind, and environment

54
Q

What is a epidemiology

A

Is an applied science that examines the causes, distribution and control of disease in a population

55
Q

What is maternal mortality rate

A

the number of deaths of women due to complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or abortions, measured as deaths per year per 1000 live birth

56
Q

What is co-morbidity

A

the susceptibility of an individual with an illness additional health problems

57
Q

What are social determinants of health

A

the complex causal relationships between various social, economic, and political factors and population health outcomes

58
Q

What is primary prevention

A

proactive steps taken to prevent a disease from occurring

59
Q

What are social causation

A

common social factors are related to social determinants of health that produce widespread health problems

60
Q

What does ascribed status mean

A

are social statuses assigned to people or groups because of certain traits beyond their control and without regard for there achieved merit

61
Q

What are achieved statuses

A

are social statuses achieved or accomplished by the individual

62
Q

What is intragenerational occupational mobility

A

changes in someone’s occupational mobility throughout the course of their lifetime

63
Q

What is segmented labour market theory

A

that the labor market is stratified and that entry and upward mobility are difficult for people with only a highschool education

64
Q

What is human capital theory

A

proposes a linear relationship between education and job attainment more education people better jobs

65
Q

What is signalling theory

A

symbolic meanings attached to different attainments on a persons resume, the employers decoding of signals in assessing the potential worth and trainability of a young person

66
Q

What are primary labour market compared to secondary labour market

A

High paying jobs that provide a good chances to get ahead and that offers job security
Compared to secondary were it is high turnover and unstable and very little chance to get ahead

67
Q

What is intergenerational elasiticity

A

Elasticity, an
economic term, is
the degree to which
changing one variable
changes another. A
low intergenerational
income elasticity (as
in Denmark) means
that social class is less
persistent and more
amenable to change
from one generation
to the next

68
Q

What is meritocracy

A

the holding of power or authority by people selected because of their ability

69
Q

What does credentialism mean

A

A process of social selection that gives class advantage and social status to people who possess academic advantage

70
Q

Define credential inflation

A

The tendency of schools to provide and employers to demand evermore schooling and ever higher credentials for work that hasnt become more demanding or complex

71
Q

Define professionalization

A

the process by which an occupations raises its standing by limiting the number of entrants and regulating their behaviour

72
Q

Define overeducation

A

means of having more education than needed to carry out a particular job

73
Q

What is the difference between dropout, pullout, and pushout

A

Dropout: focuses on students who find themselves unable to cope intellectually
Pullout: are class based and focuses on school and students who withdraw from schooling because of financial trouble
Pushout: focus on the school and community as contextual factors highschool dropout rates

74
Q

What is immutability

A

the belief that under no circumstances can one change homosexuality

75
Q

What is the belief of fundamentality

A

the belief that homosexuality is central to a persons entire character

76
Q

What are social consequences of homophobia

A
  • Same sex families
  • Harrassment and hate crimes
  • sexual assault
  • workplace discrimination
77
Q

What did bill c-250 implement

A

made it a crime in canada to spread hateful views about sexual orientation of another person

78
Q
A

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