SOC 12: The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
Protection of vital organs
Muscle attacthemnt
Joints for movement
Storing calcium and phosphorus
Red and white blood cell production
What bones are located in your spine?
Cervical
Thorocic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
What bones are located in your hand/wrist?
Carpals(cufflinks)
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What bones are located in your foot/ankle?
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
What bones are located in your leg?
Fibula
Tibia
What bones are located in the arm?
Radius
Humerus
Ulna
What bones are located in the torso?
Ribs
Sternum
Clavicle(collarbone)
Pelvis
What is the real name for the collarbone?
Clavicle
What is the real name for the sholder blade?
Scapula
What is the real name for skull?
Cranium
What is a long bone?
A long bone is a bone which is longer than they are wide
What is a short bone?
Short bones are bones the same size in length,width and thickness
What is a flat bone?
A flat bone usually protect organs or offers a good surface for muscles to attract to
What is an irregular bones?
Offer protection when playing contact sport and form specific functions
4 type of bones?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
What are the 4 joints?
Pivot
Hinge
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Where and what is the pivot joint?
can be found in the neck between the top two vertebrae. It allows only rotational movement such as moving your head from side to side
Where and what is the hinge joint?
these can be found in the elbow, knee and ankle. Hinge joints are like the hinges on a door, and allow you to move the elbow and knee in only one direction
Where and what is the ball and socket joint?
these types of joint can be found at the shoulder and hip and allow movement in almost every direction
Where and what is the condyloid joint?
this type of joint is found at the wrist. It allows you to flex and extend the joint, and move it from side to side.
What is flexion?
bending movement, for example bicep curl bending bicep whilst pussy tricep relaxes (extension)
What is extension?
straightening movement, for example tricep resting whilst bicep bends
What is dorsiflexion?
bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the shin
What is pantar flexion?
extending or pointing the toes down, away from the shin
Examples of flexion?
Bending your arm during a bicep curl
Examples of extension?
When swimming you would swim their arm up backwards when preparing for a racing drive
Examples of dorsiflexion?
A sprinter positioning their feet into the starting blocks
Examples of plantar flexion?
A gymnast pointing their toes
What joint provides flexion?
Shoulder,hip and elbow
What is abduction?
movement that pulls away from the midline of the body
Examples of abduction?
Agymnast moves their arms out sideways at the shoulder when performing ‘the crucifixno the rings
What joint provides extension?
Shoulder and hip
What joint provides dorsiflexion?
Ankle
What joint provides Plantar Flexion?
Ankle
What joint provides Abduction?
Shoulder and hip
What joint provides rotation?
Shoulder and hip
What joint provides circumduction?
Shoulder and hip
What joint provides adduction?
Shoulder and hip
Rotation definition?
movement around a single axis or pivot point
Circumduction definition?
moving in a circular or conical shape
Adduction definition?
Movement that pulls towards the body
Examples of rotation?
A tennis player serving
Examples of circumduction?
Cricketer bowls a ball
Examples of adduction?
A golfer on the tee swings the club down towards the ball
What type of joint is extension?
Ball and socket,hinge,condyloid
What type of joint is flexion?
Ball and socket,hinge,condyloid
What type of joint is dorsiflexion?
Hinge
What type of joint is Pantar flexion?
Hinge
What type of joint is abduction?
Ball and socket
What type of joint is rotation?
Ball and socket
What type of joint is circumduction?
Ball and socket
What type of joint is adduction?
Ball and socket
What is a tendon?
very strong, inelastic connective tissues that allow a muscle to pull on a bone to move it.
Why is a tendon important in sport?
helps to facilitate joint movement and stability via the tension generated by the muscle
What is a ligament?
a type of connective tissue and are tough, fibrous and slightly elastic
Why is ligament important in sport?
Allow the joint to move in the direction(s) it was meant to move. Hold bones together
