Soc 12-The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
-protection of vital organs
-muscle attachment
-joints for movement
-strong calcium and phosphurus
-red and white blood cell production
Bones in Spine
-cervical(7)
-thoracic(12)
-Lumbar(5)
Sacrum(5,fused)
-coccyx(4,fused)
Hand/Wrist
Hand:
-phalanges
-metacarpals
-carpals
(cufflinks)
Foot/ankle
Foot:
-tarsals
-metatarsals
-phalanges
(toes)
Leg
-femur
-patella
-tibia
-fibula
Arm
-humerus
-radius
-ulna
Torso
-ribs
-sternum
Shoulder blade
-scapula
Collar bone
-clavicle
Skull
-cranium
Flat bone
This is made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone
Examples:
-ribs
-skull
-sternum
clavicle
Long bones
function to support the weight of the body and facilitate movement.
examples include:
-tibia
-femur
-humerus
-fibula
What are the 4 joints?
-condyloid
-hinge
-pivot
-ball and socket
Condyloid
Allows the body to complete a circular motion
-Primarily found in the wrist
Pivot
Allow the bones to have a movement of rotation primarily in the neck
-Can turn head side to side
Hinge
Allows for a forward and backwards motion(flexion and extension)
-Found in the knee,elbow and ankle
Ball and socket
Allows for lots of different movements,made up of a socket and ball.
-Found in femur,hipbone etc
Types of movement
-flexion
-extension
-dorsiflexion
-plantar flexion
-rotation
-circumduction
-adduction
-abduction
Examples of flexion in sports
Someone working out in the gym bends their arm up when doing a bicep curl
Example of extension in sports
Aswimmer swings the arm backwards in preparation for a racing dive
Example of dorsiflexion in sports
A sprinter positions their feet in the starting blocks
Example of plantar flexion in sports
A floor gymnast points their toes
What is the movement of flexion?
bending movement that decreases angle between body parts
What is the movement of extension?
Straightening movement that increases angle between body parts
What is the movement of dorsiflexion?
Bending or flexing the toes up,closer to the shin.
What is the movement of rotation?
Movement around a single axis or pivot point
Circumduction
Moving in a circular or conical shape
Adduction
Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body
Abduction
Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body
Example of rotation in sports
A tennis player serves
Example of circumduction in sports
A cricketer throws a ball
Example of adduction in sports
A golfer on the tee swings the club down towards the ball
Example of abduction in sports
A gymnast moves their arms out sideways at the shoulder when performing the crucifix on the rings
What is a tendon?
-attaches the muscle to the bone which allows movement and application of power
What is a ligament?
Ligaments are elastic,tissue that attaches bone to bone,used to hold things together.
