SOB Flashcards
What are the symptoms of asthma?
S: Breathlessness
O: sudden
C:
End expiratory wheezing (very mild)
Expiratory wheezing (moderate)
Inspiratory and expiratory wheeze (severe)
Silent chest (very severe)
May have no wheezing due to smaller airways affected
A:
Dry cough
Chest tightness
T: previous attacks, limited endurance
E: Exercise, pollutants, seasonal changes
OBS: Tachycardia (over 110 severe asthma)
Tachypnoea (over 25 severe asthma)
What is the treatment of asthma?
- Move to a calm environment
- Attempt use of own inhaler
- Administer 5mg salbutamol (over 5)
- Administer ipratropium bromide and salbutamol
- IV access and hydrocortisone
- magnesium
- IM adrenaline
What are the symptoms of a Chronic bronchitis excacerbation?
S: productive cough
O: sudden
C: cough that progresses to intermittent SOB
A:
Blue bloater
Right side heart failure oedema
Excacerbation:
Fever
Change of sputum colour
Crackle, wheeze in the exacerbation due to increased sputum
T: frequent URTI
E: exercise, chest infections
S:
What are the symptoms of anaphylaxis?
S: SOB
O: sudden (5-30 minutes)
C: wheezing, stridor, hoarseness and chest tightness
R:
A: hives, redness and itchy skin
Angioedema
Hypotension
Nausea, vomiting and cramps especially food allergies
T: allergies
E: Sitting up can help SOB
Laying down can help hypotension
S:
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?
Remove trigger
Lying flat can increase BP, whilst sitting up helps SOB
Oxygen
IM adrenaline (0.5ml over 12)
wait 5 minutes
IV fluid bolus (500ml to 1000/10mlkg)
IM adrenaline every 5 minutes (0.5ml over 12)
What are the symptoms of an anxiety attack?
No physical changes except tachycardia and hyperventilation
Apprehension and worrying
Shaking
Reduced ability to perception surroundings
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
S: one sided chest pain caused by pleurisy in 20%
O: sudden
C: pleuritic as causes pleurisy
A:
Rhinitis with Mucopurelent/bloody cough in bacterial
Little and watery cough in viral
Wheezing and crackles
Fever
Dyspnoea
T:
E:
S:
Bacterial: Chest pain, mucopurelant sputum and rigors
What is the treatment of pneumonia?
.
What are the symptoms and signs of a PE?
S: one sided chest pain - may be pinpoint
O: sudden or preceded for weeks
C: pleuritic
R:
A: dyspnoea, dry cough (hemoptysis) is rare)
Fever (not over 39.5)
Tachypnoea and tachycardia
Accentuated second heart sound,
s3 or s4 gallop caused by increased pulmonary pressure
T: nagging symptoms weeks before
E: may be tenderness upon Palpation
S:
Risk factors: surgery, immobility, hormone treatment, DVT (especially symptomatic)
What are the signs and symptoms of a spontaneous pneumothorax?
S: chest pain
O: sudden
C: Pleuritic chest pain
R: sometimes only as shoulder pain
A: Dyspnoea and gradual Hypoxia
T: History of respiratory condition
E: deep breaths
S: painful
What are the symptoms of heart failure?
Dyspnoea on exertion progresses to at rest and worse when lying down as more blood travels to the heart increasing strain
JVD
s3 heart sound (3 beat gallop)
ECG showing LVH
crackles
What are the symptoms of unstable angina?
Retrosternal chest pain or pressure that may radiate
- Experienced the pain previously aswell as over 5 minutes
- May show niche signs
What is the treatment for ACS?
Morphine
Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitrates (unless inferior STEMI)
What are the symptoms of NSTEMI?
S- Retrosternal pressure
O-sudden, on exertion or at rest
C-pressure or heaviness
R-Neck, Jaw, Shoulder, arms
A-
Nausea and vomiting, and sweating due to the nervous system
SOB
T-Lasts over 15 minutes
E- constant
S- severe
ST depression
History - Risk factors for heart disease
What are the symptoms of STEMI?
S- Retrosternal pressure
O-sudden, on exertion or at rest
C-pressure or heaviness
R-Neck, Jaw, Shoulder, arms
A-
Nausea and vomiting, and sweating due to the nervous system
SOB
T-Lasts over 15 minutes
E- constant
S- severe
ST elevation
History - Risk factors for heart disease
