Small PTMs Flashcards
1
Q
ATP
A
- always in excess
- recycled 1000-1500 times/day
2
Q
phosphorylation targets
A
- polar (OH side chains)
- basic
- acidic
- Cys
3
Q
A. kinome
A
918
4
Q
Protein Kinase A
A
- aka cAMP-dependent protein kinase
- promotes glycogen -> glucose during flight/fight (but multifunctional)
- 290aa kinase domain
- regulated by Regulatory Subunit
5
Q
Protein kinase A cascade
A
1) phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase
2) phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase
3) glycogen -> glucose-1-phosphate
6
Q
PKA activation
A
1) adrenaline activates GPCR
2) GPalpha released, binds to adenylate cyclase
3) Regulatory subunit dissociates from cAMP
4) phosphorylated by PDK1 in activation loop; folds to orient catalytic residues
7
Q
PKA inactivation
A
- cAMP hydrolysis
- Regulatory subunit binds
8
Q
Dephosphorylation
A
- 189 in humans (mostly for cysteine)
- 0.89% proteome
- 10 different folds
9
Q
Methylation
A
- can occur on acidic and basic N and C termini
- N and O methylation
- S-adenosyl-methionine derived using MT
10
Q
MTs
A
- humans: 51
- A. thaliana: 49
- SET domains
11
Q
His methylation
A
- SETD8 methylates beta-actin His73
- decreases ATP-hydrolysis
- setd3 knockout: reduced progeny due to birth defects
12
Q
Lys methylation
A
- FliB methylates Salmonella
- promotes hydrophobic cell adhesion and invasion via hydrophobic epithelial interaction
13
Q
H3K4me
A
active
14
Q
H3K9me
A
constitutive heterochromatin
15
Q
H3K27me
A
facultative heterochromatin
