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Exam Prep 2.0 > Epigenetic regulation of chromatin > Flashcards

Epigenetic regulation of chromatin Flashcards

1
Q

How much does chromatin compact dna?

A

20microns

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2
Q

How does chromatin affect gene expression?

A

TF and Pol accessibility

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3
Q

heterochromatin

A

peripheral and nucleoli

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4
Q

nucleosomes

A
  • self-organising
  • beads on a string under EM
  • basic, +ve central globular domain
  • stabilised by EA
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5
Q

H1

A
  • higher order disorganised aperiodic crystal tertiary packaging
  • less accessible in interphase
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6
Q

secondary chromatin

A
  • 30nm fibre
  • folding
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7
Q

epigenetic

A
  • centrosome and ori function
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8
Q

CENP-A

A
  • H3 variant
  • DAPI staining and Abs
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9
Q

histone code

A
  • N-terminal PTMs
  • Ser, Lys, Thr, Arg (amino/hydroxyl side chains)
  • change local chromatin
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10
Q

erasers recruited by

A

TFs, transcription, ncRNAs

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11
Q

local effects

A

protein recruitment

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12
Q

active genes:

A
  1. H3K4me3
  2. H3/H4ac
  3. H2BK120ub1
  4. H3K79me3
  5. H3K36me3
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13
Q

H3K4me3

A
  1. SetD2 methylates
  2. blocks DNMT
  3. ADD-inactivation via MT-domain
  4. NURF recruitment
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14
Q

NURF

A
  • chromatin remodeller (ATP-expensive)
  • reduces stability
  • exposes from chromosome body
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15
Q

H3K36me3

A

HDAC binding for long introns

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16
Q

Repressed genes

A
  1. H3K9me3
  2. H3K27me3
  3. H2AK119ub1
17
Q

H3K9me3

A
  • antisense m/ncRNA directs RITSC to nascent transcript
  • multi-subunit CLRC interacts with RITSC
  • active Clr4 methylates
  • Heterochromatin protein 1 condenses chromatin
18
Q

DNA methylation

A
  • chemically inert
  • recruitment purposes
19
Q

H2A.B

A

highly methylated intragenic DNA at actively transcribed loci (Chen at al., 2014)

20
Q

erasing

A
  • TET oxidation
  • base excision repair
21
Q

How does methylation inhibit transcription

A
  1. TFs blocked
  2. MBDs + DNMTs recruit HDACs
22
Q

MBDs

A

methyl-CpG-binding domains

23
Q

5meC preservatioon

A
  • UHRF1 SRA domain binds hemimethylated CpG
  • recruits DNMT1 via BD
24
Q

histone restoration in D.melanogaster

A
  • PRC2 polycomb allosterically activates
  • blocking domains prevent inappropriate spread

Exam Prep 2.0 (33 decks)

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