Small Intestine To Large Intestine

Question 1

• A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine
• It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

Answer 1

Small intestine

Question 2

It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

Answer 2

Small intestine

Question 3

Three segments of small intestine

Answer 3

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 4

SMALL INTESTINE: SURFACE MODIFICATION

Epithelium

Answer 4

Plicae circularis
Villi
Striated/ brushed border on villus

Question 5

Ridge of mucosa and submucosa in small intestine

Answer 5

Plicae circularis

Question 6

Projection of the mucosa epithelium with lamina propria core in small intestine

Answer 6

Villi

Question 7

• Microvilli on the apical surface of columnar epithelial cells in small intestine

Answer 7

Striated/brushed border on villus

Question 8

Plicae circulares also known as

Answer 8

Valves of Kerckring

valvulae conniventes

horizontal mucosal folds

Question 9

Horizontal folds that are seen grossly

Core of submucosa and a covering of mucosa

Most developed in jejunum

Absent in first part of duodenum and distal half of ileum

Answer 9

Valves of Kerckring

plicae circulares

Question 10

Fingerlike projections on surface of plicae circulares

Answer 10

Intestinal Villi

Question 11

Abundant in proximal segments of small intestine

Often absent in distal ileum

Made up of epithelium and lamina propria

Answer 11

Intestinal Villi

Question 12

Core of villi has______ (lymphatic capillary that end blindly near the tip of each intestinal villus)

Answer 12

lacteal

Question 13

• T-cells in between epithelial cells

Answer 13

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)

Question 14

Cell types in intestinal villi

Answer 14

1) absorptive cells (enterocytes)
2) goblet cells
3) enteroendocrine (argentaffin) cells
4) M-cells

Question 15

Cell types on villi:

Most numerous

Columnar cells with microvilli (brush border; striated border)

Microvilli consist of a core of actin filaments that are enveloped by cell membrane

Answer 15

Absorptive cells (Enterocytes)

Question 16

Cell types on villi:

Among absorptive cells

Number increases as one goes distally

Secrete mucus to protect and lubricate the lining

Answer 16

Goblet cells

Question 17

Cell types on villi:

Scattered over entire epithelium

Columnar with microvilli

Secrete numerous regulatory
hormones for the digestive system

Answer 17

Enteroendocrine (argentaffin) cells

Question 18

Cell types on villi:

Scattered over entire epithelium

Located at the base of intestinal glands

Secretes lysozyme and defensins thus provide host defense against microbes

Answer 18

Paneth cells

Question 19

Paneth cells secrete

Answer 19

Secretes lysozyme and defensins thus provide host defense against microbes

Question 20

Intestinal villi: Lamina propria of small intestine

Has…

Answer 20

crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 21

Simple tubular glands

Invagination of epithelium into lamina propria

Ducts open between adjacent villi

Lined by low columnar epithelium

Answer 21

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 22

The only glands in submucosa of small intestine

Answer 22

Glands of Brunner

Question 23

Confined to submucosa of duodenum

Compound coiled tubular, mucus-secreting glands

Ducts open into bottoms of Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Answer 23

Glands of Brunner

Question 24

Glands of Brunner secretes

Answer 24

Mucus
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

Question 25

Large aggregates of lymphoid nodules in ileum M-cells (membranous epithelial cells)

Answer 25

Peyer's patches

Question 26

SMALL INTESTINE: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA Muscle fibers: Inner circularly arranged Outer longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells With myenteric plexus of______

Answer 26

auerbach

Question 27

SMALL INTESTINE: ADVENTITIA OR SEROSA __________ Posterior aspect of 2nd and 3rd segments of duodenum ___________ Rest of small intestine

Answer 27

Adventitia Serosa

Question 28

Distinct histological features of the small intestine:

Answer 28

1. Plicae circularis, villi & microvilli - increases functional surface area 2. Phagocytic Paneth cells in intestinal gland/crypt 3. Brunner's Glands in the submucosa of the duodenum 4. Peyer's patches of lymphoid tissue in ileum

Question 29

Long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other.

Answer 29

Large intestine

Question 30

Portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of water and electrolytes

Answer 30

Large intestine

Question 31

Segments of large intestine

Answer 31

Cecum and vermiform appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal

Question 32

Large intestine Grossly differs from small intestine because of:

Answer 32

Sacculations or haustra Appendices epiploicae Teniae coli

Question 33

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine: • Majority of cells; abortive in nature With shorter microvilli than in small intestine

Answer 33

Enterocytes

Question 34

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine: • More numerous than in small intestine

Answer 34

Goblet cells

Question 35

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine: Fewer than in small intestine Secrete glucagon, serotonin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 35

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 36

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine: Similar to those in small intestine

Answer 36

M-cells

Question 37

In large intestine ______ GALT has more lymphoid nodules than small intestine and can extend to submucosa

Answer 37

Lamina propria

Question 38

__________ compared to small intestine: Longer More goblet cells No Paneth cells

Answer 38

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 39

LARGE INTESTINE: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA Outer layer of longitudinallyarranged smooth muscle fibers form three narrow bands Are about 1 cm in width each and equidistant from each other

Answer 39

Tenia coli

Question 40

Large intestine Inner circular smooth muscle -

Answer 40

haustration

Question 41

3 thick bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in large intestine

Answer 41

taenia coli

Question 42

Large intestine is adventitia? Or serosa? Mostly

Answer 42

Serosa

Question 43

____________ in large intestine is only in parts of ascending colon and descending colon that press directly on posterior body wall

Answer 43

Adventitia

Question 44

In serosa of large intestine - adipose tissue form pendulous masses called

Answer 44

appendices epiploicae

Question 45

Distinct histological features of the large intestine:

Answer 45

1. Microvilli only - increase functional surface area 2. Abundance of goblet cells in epithelium for lubrication 3. Tenia coli of muscularis externa

Question 46

Lacks villi, has few glands, has lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria, Incomplete muscularis mucosae Thick submucosa, thin muscularis and no teniae coli

Answer 46

Appendix