Digestive Part 3 Flashcards
Liver
Exocrine gland: produces____ that emulsifies fat
bile
Liver
Endocrine gland: secretes hormones including ____ and ____
erythropoietin and thrombopoietin
Processes dietary amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and vitamins
Liver
Synthesizes plasma proteins
Liver
Liver
Stores carbohydrates in form of_____
and releases same in form of_____
glycogen
glucose
Detoxifies and excretes through bile endogenous and exogenous toxic substances
Liver
Eliminates particulate materials from blood by phagocytosis
Liver
Liver:
Capsule
More commonly known as_____
Thin, fibroelastic capsule
Covered with mesothelium, except for part that is reflected on inferior surface of diaphragm
Glisson capsule
Connective tissue from capsule penetrate organ at porta hepatis
Arborize extensively and divide liver into lobules
Septa
Branches of hepatic artery and portal vein and tributaries of bile duct accompany each other at connective tissue septae
Septa
Portal triad – branches or tributaries in interlobular connective tissue of:
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct
Interlobular connective tissue
Portal triad
Portal area
Liver cells or
hepatocytes
Comprise about 80% of cell population of liver
Perform all metabolic and secretory (exocrine and endocrine) functions of liver
Liver cells or hepatocytes
Liver cells or hepatocytes
Lateral surfaces of adjoining hepatocytes form______
bile canaliculus
Capillaries travelling between hepatocytes
Sinusoids
Two other functionally important cells are found with the sinusoids of hepatic lobules:
Kupffer cells
Ito cells
Stellate macrophages
APCs
Remove any bacteria or any debris present in the portal blood
Kupffer cells
with small lipid droplets that store vitamin A and other fat -soluble vitamins
Hepatic stellate cells (or Ito cells)
produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cytokines that help regulate Kupffer cell activity
Hepatic stellate cells (or Ito cells)
are located between the hepatocytes and the sinusoids
SPACE OF DISSE or Perisinusoidal space
Separates sinusoids from hepatic plates
SPACE OF DISSE
Contains collagenous and reticular fibers, and microvilli of hepatocytes
SPACE OF DISSE
contains perisinusoidal cells of Ito
Space of disse
Lymph drained from Disse drains into the
Space of Mall
Space of mall or
Periportal soace
CONCEPTS ON ARCHITECTURE OF LIVER
Classical hepatic lobule
Portal lobule
Hepatic acinus
Drains blood from the portal
vein and the hepatic artery to the hepatic or the central vein
Classic Hepatic Lobule
Drains bile from hepatocytes to the bile duct
Portal Lobule
Supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes
Hepatic Acinus
Polygonal
Central vein – occupies center of lobule
Hepatic plates (contains the hepatocytes) – radiate outwards
Portal area with portal triad – present in three corners of each of hepatic lobule
HEPATIC (CLASSIC) LOBULE
Central area is occupied by portal area where portal triad is
Within portal lobule, blood flows from center to periphery while glandular secretion (bile) flows from periphery to center of lobule
PORTAL LOBULE
Regarded by many as true anatomical and functional unit of liver
Smaller than classical hepatic lobule and portal lobule
Ellipsoidal and lies between two central veins
Emphasizes pathophysiological aspect of liver
HEPATIC ACINUS
Both an exocrine and an endocrine gland
Both endocrine and exocrine components are in the lobules
Pancreas
STROMA of pancreas
________ thin layer of connective tissue
________divide gland into indistinct lobules
Capsule
Septa
PARENCHYMA of pancreas
Glandular epithelium
ENDOCRINE PORTION
only ____of pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
2%
________PORTION
Compound tubuloalveolar (tubuloacinous) gland
Secretes pancreatic juice
EXOCRINE
Pancreas Secretes pancreatic juice
About_____ a day
contains digestive enzymes for protein, carbohydrate and fat digestion
1.2 liters
EXOCRINE PORTION
Occupies___% of lobule
Secretory portions are called_______
98
pancreatic acini
closely-packed low columnar or pyramidal cells
rest on basal lamina
Synthesize enzymatic components of pancreatic juice in rER
Nucleus: round with one or more nucleoli
40-50
Pancreatic acinus
Pancreas: Ducts
Intralobular ducts /Intercalated duct
Interlobular ducts
Pancreatic ducts
drains an acinus, squamous or low cuboidal epithelium
Intralobular ducts
Intercalated duct
Union of intercalated ducts
Interlobular ducts
Union of interlobular duct
Lined by simple columnar epithelium
Pancreatic ducts
To collect, store, concentrate, and expel bile when it is needed for emulsification of fat.
Gallbladder
Bile is continually produced by______ and transported via the excretory ducts to the_____ for storage.
liver hepatocytes
gallbladder
WALL of gallbladder
Mucosa
Muscular layer
Serosa/adventitia
Epithelium of gallbladder
Simple (tall) columnar with microvilli
No goblet cells
Gallbladder
Epithelial invaginations (inpocketings or diverticuli) into the lamina propria and the muscle layer
Not glandular in nature
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
MUSCULAR LAYER
Of gallbladder
Poorly defined
Inner, mostly longitudinally oriented fibers
Outer, mostly circularly oriented muscles
produced by enteroendocrine cells of small intestine
Induces contraction of smooth muscles
Found in what layer?
Cholecystokinin
Muscular layer
SEROSA/ADVENTITIA: Gallbladder
_____over posterior and inferior surfaces
______in surface associated with liver
Serosa
Adventitia
