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Histo LEC > Nucleus > Flashcards

Nucleus Flashcards

1
Q

Command center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Contains the molecular machinery to replicate DNA and to synthesize and process all types of RNA

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

3 types of RNA

A

rRNA (ribosomal)
tRNA (transfer)
mRNA (messenger)

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4
Q

Appears as a large rounded or oval structure often near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

2 FUNCTIONS OF THE NUCLEUS

A

Cellular Regulation
Production

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6
Q

o Houses genetic material, which directs all cellular activities and regulates cellular structure

A

Cellular regulation

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7
Q

o Produces ribosomal subunits in nucleolus and exports them into cytoplasm for assembly into ribosomes.

A

Production

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8
Q

(3) COMPONENTS OF THE NUCLEUS

A

• Nuclear Envelope

• Chromatin

• Nucleoli or Nucleolus

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9
Q

Forms a selectively permeable barrier between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments

A

Nuclear envelope

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10
Q

Nuclear envelope:

Has two concentric membranes separated by a narrow _________

A

perinuclear space

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11
Q

Nuclear envelope:

are continuous with RER

A

Outer nuclear membrane

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12
Q

Nuclear envelope:

is associated with a highly organized meshwork of nuclear space proteins called the nuclear lamina

A

Inner nuclear membrane

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13
Q

Stabilizes the envelope/ membrane

A

Nuclear lamina

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14
Q

The inner and outer nuclear membranes are bridged at ________

A

nuclear pore complexes

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15
Q

Regulates movement of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

A

nuclear pore complexes

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16
Q

Consists of the DNA and its attendant proteins in DNA a largely uncoiled state

A

Chromatin

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17
Q

Group of proteins and DNA

A

Chromatin

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18
Q

Two types of chromatin

A

Heterochromatin

Euchromatin

19
Q
  • appears as coarse, electron-dense material and as intensely basophilic clumps in the light microscope
A

Heterochromatin

20
Q
  • finely dispersed granular material in the electron microscope and as lightly stained basophilic areas in the light microscope
A

Euchromatin

21
Q

A small, dense mass of heterochromatin present in females but not males

A

CHROMATIN

22
Q

“___________” (or_______) is one of the two X chromosomes present in female.

A

Sex chromatin

Barr body

23
Q

DNA in chromatin is extensively packaged by associating with basic proteins called______

A

histones

24
Q

provides structural support for a chromosome.

A

Histones

25
Q

A protein associated with
DNA

A

Histones

26
Q

Each long DNA double helix with its associated proteins is a ______

A

chromatid

27
Q

After DNA replication, two
“chromatids held together by complexes of cohesion proteins make up each _______

A

chromosome

28
Q

A DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (Genome) of an organism.

Vectors of heredity

A

Chromosome

29
Q

One copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the original chromosome by a single centromere.

A

CHROMATID

30
Q

Condensed form of DNA

cells are actively dividing

A

CHROMOSOME

31
Q

contain genes determining whether an individual will develop as a female or a male.

A

X and Y sex chromosomes

32
Q

In addition to the pair of sex chromosomes, cells contain pairs of______.

A

autosomes

33
Q

Each of these pairs of chromosomes contains one chromosome originally derived from the mother and one derived from the father.

The members of each chromosomal pair are called________.

A

homologous

34
Q

2 types of chromosomes

A

Sex Chromosomes
Autosomes

35
Q

Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

These are pairs 1-22 on a human karyotype

A

Autosomes

36
Q

Chromosomes that determine gender
XX = female
XY - male
These are the 23rd pair on a human karyotype

A

Sex chromosomes

37
Q

Cells of most tissues (somatic cells) are considered_____ because they contain pairs of chromosomes.

A

diploid

38
Q

Sperm cells and mature oocytes are_____, with half the diploid number of chromosomes, each pair having been separated during meiosis.

A

haploid

39
Q

One copy of each chromosome

A

Haploid

40
Q

Two copies of each chromosome

A

Diploid (2n)

41
Q

Spherical, highly basophilic subdomain of nuclei in cells, actively making proteins

A

Nucleolus

42
Q

Intense basophilia of nucleoli is due not to heterochromatin but to the presence of densely concentrated _______

A

Nucleolus: ribosomal RNA

43
Q

Site of most of the synthesis of __________ and assembly of ribosome subunits

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Histo LEC (26 decks)

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