SM_148b: Pathophysiology of Obesity Flashcards
Obesity is ____
Obesity is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body
- An amount sufficiently large to cause reduced health and longevity
- Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health
____ is a practical and useful determinant of excess body fat and risk of morbidity and mortality
BMI is a practical and useful determinant of excess body fat and risk of morbidity and mortality
Obesity affects ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Obesity affects the brain, lungs, heart, liver, gall bladder, uterus/ovaries, joints, skin, and others
Describe why obesity is pathological
Obesity is pathological because
- Release of adipokines (lipotoxicity)
- Increased mechanical burden
- Increased abdominal pressure
- Increased abdominal pressure
- Increased respiratory burden
- Fluid and hemodynamic changes / CV burden
- Dietary and physical activity changes associated with obesity
Adipose tissue is an ____ organ
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ
- Secretes leptin, fatty acids, adiponectin, TNF-a, PAI-1, and cytokines
Fat is either ____ or ____
Fat is either visceral or subcutaneous
Waist circumference ____ and insulin action ____ with increasing visceral adipose tissue
Waist circumference increases and insulin action decreases with increasing visceral adipose tissue
Central adiposity results in ____ that cause ____, ____, and ____
Central adiposity results in secretion of adipocyte factors that cause dyslipidemia, dysfunction, and insulin resistance
Products of fat tissue result in ____ which spur comorbidities
Products of fat tissue result in lipotoxicity which spur comorbidities
Obese adipose tissue is characterized by ____ that promotes ____
Obese adipose tissue is characterized by macrophage infiltration that promotes inflammation
Pathological adipose tissue expansion results in ____
Pathological adipose tissue expansion results in hypoxia
Removal of subcutaneous fat ___ cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers, or insulin resistance
Removal of subcutaneous fat has no effect on cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers, or insulin resistance
Describe criteria for metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome: need 3
- Elevated waist circumference
- Elevated triglycerides
- Reduced HDL-c
- Elevated BP
- Elevated fasting glucose
Central obesity promotes ____ which is associated with ____
Central obesity promotes insulin resistance which is associated with atherosclerosis
Lipid overflow (ectopic fat) can result in ____
Lipid overflow (ectopic fat) can result in metabolic syndrome
____ results in hepatosteatosis and cardiac steatosis
Overflow of ectopic fat results in hepatosteatosis and cardiac steatosis
Abdominal obesity (high waist measurement) involves ____
Abdominal obesity (high waist measurement) involves visceral adipose tissue
Obesity is associated with ____
Obesity is associated with back pain
- Blount’s disease: childhood obesity associated with acute medial angulation (breaking) of the proximal medial metaphysis of the tibia
Obesity is associated with ____
Obesity is associated with GERD
Obesity reduces diaphragmatic movement, causing ___
Obesity reduces diaphragmatic movement, causing decreased FRC
- Leads to all sorts of obesity issues
Pickwickian syndrome involves ____ and ____
Pickwickian syndrome involves obesity hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea
Obesity precipitates ____, ____, and ____
Obesity precipitates HTN, left ventricular hypertrophy (eccentric or concentric), and peripheral venous stasis (ulceration)
