SM_127b: Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Hernia Flashcards
Superficial body wall consists of ____, ____, ____, and ____
Superficial body wall consists of epidermis, dermis, Camper’s fascia, and Scarpa’s fascia
In the scrotum, Camper’s fascia mostly consists of _____
In the scrotum, Camper’s fascia mostly consists of dartos smooth muscle
(corrugates the skin as the testes are elevated)
Layers of the deep body wall include ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Layers of the deep body wall include investing (deep) fascia, muscles and bones, transversalis fascia, fat/loose connective tissue, and parietal peritoneum
Transversalis fascia is the the ____ body wall and most prominent in the ____
Transversalis fascia is the the deep body wall and most prominent in the lower abdomen
Superior epigastric artery arises from the ____
Superior epigastric artery arises from the internal thoracic artery
(blood supply to body wall is superior and deep inferior epigastric arteries, nerves are lower intercostals)
Muscles of abdominal wall are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Muscles of abdominal wall are external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis and cremaster
Attachments of muscles in abdominal wall are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Attachments of muscles in abdominal wall are lower ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, inguinal ligament, public bone, and linea alba
_____ is formed from the external oblique aponeurosis
Inguinal ligament is formed from the external oblique aponeurosis
____ is the midline joining of the left and right aponeuroses
Linea alba is the midline joining of the left and right aponeuroses
_____ is formed from the aponeuroses of the three muscle layers
Sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle is formed from the aponeuroses of the three muscle layers
There is no sheath below the ____ on the posterior surface of the muscle
There is no sheath below the arcuate line on the posterior surface of the muscle
(arcuate line is abrupt termination of the free edge of the posterior rectus sheath)
All abdominal muscles function to ____, ____, and ____
All abdominal muscles function to
- Raise intra-abdominal pressure: childbirth, vomiting, defecation
- Depress ribcage during expiration
- Stablize pelvis during locomotion
External oblique fiber direction is ____
External oblique fiber direction is \\ ///
External oblique functions to ____ and _____
External oblique functions to contract to flex the trunk on both sides and laterally bend trunk / rotate trunk to opposite side of contracting muscle
\\ ///
Internal oblique fiber direction is ____
Internal oblique fiber direction is /// \\
Internal oblique functions to ____ and ____
Internal oblique functions to flex trunk on both sides and laterally bend trunk / rotate trunk to the same side on one side
Transversus abdominis fiber direction is ____ and ____ move the trunk
Transversus abdominis fiber direction is = = and cannot move the trunk
Rectus abdominis fiber direction is ____ and ____ the trunk
Rectus abdominis fiber direction is ||| and flexes the trunk
____ is a sack of parietal peritoneum with something inside, extending through the deep body wall at anatomically weak sites around the abdomen and pelvis
Abdominal hernia is a sack of parietal peritoneum with something inside, extending through the deep body wall at anatomically weak sites around the abdomen and pelvis
Abdominal hernias commonly occur at ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Abdominal hernias commonly occur at
- Lumbar triangle (boundaries are iliac crest, external oblique, and latissimus dorsi)
- Umbilicus (omphalocele)
- Diaphragm (congenital hernia in the central tendon, hiatal hernia at the esophageal hiatus)
- Femoral canal (site of lymphatic passage below the inguinal ligament medial to the femoral vein)
- Inguinal triangle (direct/acquired and indirect/congenital hernias above the inguinal ligament; boundaries are inguinal ligament, lateral margin of the rectus abdominis muscle, and inferior epigastric artery)
_____ is an abdominal hernia at umbilicus
Umbilicus is an abdominal hernia at umbilicus
Fetal testis descends through deep body wall via the ____ to get to the scrotum
Fetal testis descends through deep body wall via the inguinal canal to get to the scrotum
Fetal testis starts between peritoneum and transversalis fascia and descends along the fibrous ____ and behind the ____, a peritoneal evagination that will form the coelomic ____
Fetal testis starts between peritoneum and transversalis fascia and descends along the fibrous gubernaculum and behind the processus vaginalis, a peritoneal evagination that will form the coelomic tunica vaginalis testis
(brings with it the vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that constitute contents of the spermatic cord)
____ guides descent of testis and ovary
Gubernaculum guides descent of testis and ovary
Gubernaculum most disappears in males but persists in females as the ____ and ____
Gubernaculum most disappears in males but persists in females as the ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus (ligamentum teres)
Inguinal canal extends from the ____ to ____
Inguinal canal extends from the deep to superficial rings
- Deep inguinal rings: evagination of transversalis fascia where the gonad passes through
- Superficial inguinal rings: opening in the external oblique aponeurosis
As testis and spermatic cord descend through the deep body wall to reach the scrotum, each layer of the deep body wall except the transversus abdominis contributes to ____
As testis and spermatic cord descend through the deep body wall to reach the scrotum, each layer of the deep body wall except the transversus abdominis contributes to a covering of the spermatic cord
____ is an extension of the transversalis fascia, the first layer encountered by the descending testis
Internal spermatic cord is an extension of the transversalis fascia, the first layer encountered by the descending testis
____ is from the internal oblique and is a striated muscle innervated by the genitofemoral nerve that elevates the testis
Cremaster muscle is from the internal oblique and is a striated muscle innervated by the genitofemoral nerve that elevates the testis
____ is from the external oblique aponeurosis just inside the superficial inguinal ring
External spermatic fascia is from the external oblique aponeurosis just inside the superficial inguinal ring
Indirect inguinal hernia goes through the ____
Indirect inguinal hernia goes through the inguinal canal
Direct inguinal hernia goes under the ____
Direct inguinal hernia goes under the conjoined tendon
____ rotates trunk to same side as unilateral contracting muscle
Internal oblique rotates trunk to same side as unilateral contracting muscle
____ does NOT contribute to a covering of the spermatic cord
Transversus abdominis muscle does NOT contribute to a covering of the spermatic cord
Aponeurosis of the external oblique forms, contributes to, or relates to ____, ____, ____, and ____
Aponeurosis of the external oblique forms, contributes to, or relates to superficial inguinal ring, external spermatic fascia, sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle, and inguinal ligament
(NOT conjoint tendon)
____ inguinal hernia passes under the conjoint tendon
Direct inguinal hernia passes under the conjoint tendon
