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SM_132b: Histology of the Gi System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system includes ___ and ___ organs

A

Digestive system includes hollow and solid organs

  • Hollow (foot transits): esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal canal
  • Solid (produce enzymes and bile which aid in digestion): pancreas and liver (and gall bladder(
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2
Q

Four layers of hollow organs of the digestive system are ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Four layers of hollow organs of the digestive system are mucosa, submucosa, musculari propia/externa, serosa/adventitia

  • Mucosa: epithelium, lamina propria / muscularis mucosa
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3
Q

Esophagus is composed of ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Esophagus is composed of mucosa, submucosal glands, muscularis propria / externa, and adventitia

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4
Q

Esophagus is lined by ___

A

Esophagus is lined by stratified squamous epithelium

(non-keratinized)

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5
Q

This is the ___

A

This is the esophagus

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6
Q

In the middle esophagus, there is a transition from ____ to ____

A

In the middle esophagus, there is a transition from striated muscle to smooth muscle

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7
Q

Stomach regions include ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Stomach regions include cardia, fundus, corpus (body), and pylorus

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8
Q

This is the ____

A

This is the stomach

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9
Q

This is the ____

A

This is the gastric mucosa

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Describr the histology of the main stomach anatomical regions

A

Histology of the main stomach anatomical regions

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12
Q

____ contains cytoplasmic mucus globules in multiple small vacuoles

A

Gastric surface epithelium contains cytoplasmic mucus globules in multiple small vacuoles

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13
Q

Describe histology of the deep/glandular epithelium

A

Histology of the deep/glandular epithelium

  • Cardia: mucus-secreting glands only
  • Fundus (oxyntic mucosa): parietal cells make acid and intrinsic factor, chief cells produce pepsinogen and lipase, and endocrine cells produce hormones
  • Antrum/pylorus: mucus-secreting glands and endocrine cells (gastrin-producing cells: G cells)
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14
Q

This is the _____

A

This is the cardia and antrum of the stomach

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15
Q

This is the ____

A

This is the antrum of the stomach

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16
Q

This is the ____

A

This is the fundus/body of the stomach

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17
Q

Small intestine is involved in ___ and ___

A

Small intestine is involved in digestion and absorption

  • Secretes enzymes and has mucous producing glsands
  • Highly-folded mucosa
  • Liver and pancreas secrete their exocrine secretion into duodenum
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18
Q

Small intestines have ____, ____, ____, and ____ to maximize absorption

A

Small intestines have plicae circularis, villi, enterocytes, and microvilli

  • Plicae circularis: circumferential folds involving submucosa
  • Villi: fingerlike projections of mucosa
  • Enterocytes: simple columnar epithelial cells specialized for absorption
  • Microvilli: fingerlike protrusions of enterocytes on apical plasma membrane
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19
Q

These are ____ and ____ of ____

A

These are plica circulares and villi of small intestine

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20
Q

___ are intestinal glands

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are intestinal glands

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21
Q

Ileum of small intestine empties into the ____

A

Ileum of small intestine empties into the cecum of the large intestine

22
Q

____ glands are found in the duodenum

A

Brunner glands are found in the duodenum

23
Q

In the duodenum, villi are lined by ___ and ___

A

In the duodenum, villi are lined by enterocytes and goblet cells

24
Q

____ are characteristic of the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches (lymphoid follicles) are characteristic of the ileum

25
Jejunum is characterized by the absence of ____ and \_\_\_\_
Jejunum is characterized by the absence of Brunner's glands and Peyer's patches
26
Jejunum histology includes ____ and \_\_\_\_
Jejunum histology includes tall villi and villous:crypt of 1:3 or 1:5
27
\_\_\_ are located in the bases of the crypts of the jejunum and their antibacterial actions regulate gut flora
Paneth cells are located in the bases of the crypts of the jejunum and their antibacterial actions regulate gut flora
28
Three layers of small bowel mucosa are \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Three layers of small bowel mucosa are 1. Simple columnar epithelium of enterocytes and goblet cells 2. Lamina propria: inflammatory cells and loose connective tissue 3. Muscularis mucosae: smooth muscle
29
Submucosa consists of ____ with submucosal glands
Submucosa consists of loose to dense connective tissue with submucosal glands * Submucosa extends into plical folds * Meissner's plexus: parasympathetics for glandular secretion
30
Muscularis externa and serosa contains ___ with inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
Muscularis externa and serosa contains smooth muscle with inner circular and outer longitudinal layers * Auerbach's plexus: parasympathetics for muscle contraction (peristalsis)
31
Colon consists of \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Colon consists of cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
32
Large intestine has no \_\_\_, abundant \_\_\_, and \_\_\_
Large intestine has no villi, abundant goblet cells, and teniae coli (3 longitudinal bands)
33
Colonic mucosa consists of \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Colonic mucosa consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae * Epithelium: scattered goblet cells, deep crypts, and no villi * Lamina propria: inflammatory cells * Muscularis mucosae
34
Muscularis externa of colon contains ____ with inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
Muscularis externa of colon contains smooth muscle with inner circular and outer longitudinal layers * Auerbach's plexus: parasympathetics for muscle contraction (peristalsis)
35
Epithelium of colon formed of ____ with many \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and ____ and less \_\_\_\_
Epithelium of colon formed of columnar absorptive cells with many goblet cells, endocrine cells, and basal stem cells and less Paneth cells (only proximal colon) Colonic mucosa has deep crypts but there are no villi
36
Blood enters the liver via the ____ and ____ and leaves via the ____ emptying into the \_\_\_\_
Blood enters the liver via the hepatic artery and portal vein and leaves via the hepatic veins emptying into the IVC * Bile and blood flow in opposite directions
37
Basic liver organizational element is the \_\_\_\_
Basic liver organizational element is the liver lobule
38
This is the \_\_\_
This is the liver
39
This is the \_\_\_
This is the liver
40
This is the \_\_\_\_
This is the liver
41
Blood flow in the sinusoids is from the ____ to the \_\_\_\_
Blood flow in the sinusoids is from the portal triad to the central vein
42
Zone ___ of the liver has the highest oxygenation, while zone ___ has the lowest oxygenation
Zone 1 of the liver has the highest oxygenation (closer to the hepatic arteries), while zone 3 has the lowest oxygenation (closest to the central vein)
43
Dilute bile exits the ___ and is stored and concentrated in the \_\_\_
Dilute bile exits the liver and is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder (40-fold)
44
Gallbladder and biliary tree (common bile duct) are lined by \_\_\_\_
Gallbladder and biliary tree (common bile duct) are lined by simple columnar epithelium
45
Gallbladder has ____ sinuses
Gallbladder has Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
46
Pancreas touches the \_\_\_\_
Pancreas touches the duodenum
47
Exocrine pancreas is composes of ____ and \_\_\_\_
Exocrine pancreas is composes of acini and ducts * Ducts secrete bicarbonate to neutralize chyme from the stomach entering the duodenum
48
This is an ___ of the pancreas
This is an acinus of the pancreas * Pancreas breaks down most dietary components via proteases, lipases, amylases, and nucleases
49
Pancreatic endocrine cells are clustered in \_\_\_
Pancreatic endocrine cells are clustered in Islets of Langerhans * Secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
50
Endocrine cells in pancreas are \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Endocrine cells in pancreas are * Beta (B) cells: secrete insulin -\> uptake of glucose from the bloodstream and its utilization and storage * Alpha (A) cells: secrete glucagon (reciprocal effects of insulin) -\> increases circulating glucose and gluconeogenesis, mobilizes fat * Delta (D) cells: secrete somatostatin, inhibits A and B cell secretion and exocrine pancreas secretion

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