SM_138b: Pathology of Gastric Disorders Flashcards
Four anatomic regions of the stomach are the ____, ____, ____, and ____
Four anatomic regions of the stomach are the cardia, fundus, corpus, and pyloric antrum
Four histological layers of stomach are _____, _____, _____, and _____
Four histological layers of stomach are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa
Histology of gastric surface epithelium involves ____
Histology of gastric surface epithelium involves cytoplasmic mucus globules in multiple small vacuoles
Histology of the deep/glandular gastric epithelium ____
Histology of the deep/glandular gastric epithelium varies between anatomic regions of the stomach
- Cardia: mucus-secreting glands only
- Fundus (oxyntic mucosa): parietal cells, chief cells, and endocrine cells (ECL) -> produce histamine -> binds to histamine-2 receptor on parietal cells -> increase acid production
- Antrum / pylorus: mucus-secreting glands and endocrine cells (gastrin-producing cells = G cells)
____ and ____ of the stomach
Cardia and antrum of the stomach
Immunostain for gastrin is ____ in the cardia and body/fundus
Immunostain for gastrin is negative in the cardia and body/fundus
____ and ____ cells are found in the fundus/body of the stomach
Parietal cells and chief cells cells are found in the fundus/body of the stomach
- Parietal cells: HCl, intrinsic factor
- Chief cells: pepsinogen
- Generally no inflammation should be seen in the glands in the fundus
____ protects against autodigestion by the stomach
Mucosal barrier protects against autodigestion by the stomach
(mucin production)
Stomach mucosa is superficially linked by ____
Stomach mucosa is superficially linked by gastric foveolar epithelium
___ is inflammation of gastric mucosa
Gastritis is inflammation of gastric mucosa
____ gastritis occurs when neutrophils are present
Acute / active gastritis occurs when neutrophils are present
____ gastritis occurs when chronic inflammation is present (lymphocytes and plasma cells)
Chronic gastritis occurs when chronic inflammation is present (lymphocytes and plasma cells)
____ is considered a type of chronic gastritis but is active chronic gastritis
Helicobacter pylori gastritis is considered a type of chronic gastritis but is active chronic gastritis
____ occurs when inflammatory cells are rare but reactive mucosal changes are present
Gastropathy occurs when inflammatory cells are rare but reactive mucosal changes are present
Describe causes of acute gastritis
Acute gastritis causes
- Acute hemorrhagic / erosive gastritis
- Infections (CMV)
- Medication injury (NSAIDs)
- Iatrogenic injury (gastrostomy tube, postsurgical setting, chemoradiation)
Asymptomatic or variable degree of pain, nausea / vomiting
____ is a sudden stress-induced imbalance between injurious and protective factors involved in the maintenance of mucosal integrity, causing diffuse mucosal hyperemia, bleeding, and erosions / ulcers
Acute hemorrhagic erosive gastritis is a sudden stress-induced imbalance between injurious and protective factors involved in the maintenance of mucosal integrity, causing diffuse mucosal hyperemia, bleeding, and erosions / ulcers
- Caused by NSAIDs, ethanol, bile acids, shock / vascular compromise
Stress related mucosal ulcers include ____ and ____
Stress related mucosal ulcers include curling ulcers and cushing ulcers
____ are stress-related mucosal ulcers located in the proximal duodenum and are associated with severe burns / trauma
Curling ulcers are stress-related mucosal ulcers located in the proximal duodenum and are associated with severe burns / trauma
(hypovolemia -> ischemia)
____ are gastric, duodenal, and esophageal ulcers in patients with intracranial disease and have a high incidence of perforation
Cushing ulcers are gastric, duodenal, and esophageal ulcers in patients with intracranial disease and have a high incidence of perforation
(vagal stimulation -> acid production)
Acute hemorrhagic / erosive gastritis involves ____ on gross anatomy and ____ on histology
Acute hemorrhagic / erosive gastritis involves diffuse erythema on gross anatomy and erosion of superficial mucous layer with lots of neutrophils and vascular congestion on histology
____ is the most common cuase of chronic gastritis
Helicobacter pylori is the most common cuase of chronic gastritis
____ is the most common form of chronic gastritis in patients without H. pylori infection and the most common cause of diffuse atrophic gastritis
Autoimmune gastritis is the most common form of chronic gastritis in patients without H. pylori infection and the most common cause of diffuse atrophic gastritis