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GI > SM_128b: GI Development & Organization > Flashcards

SM_128b: GI Development & Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal GI tract begins as a straight tube of _____ suspended by _____ and _____ that initially divide the abdominal cavity into left and right compartments

A

Abdominal GI tract begins as a straight tube of splanchnopleure suspended by dorsal and ventral mesenteries that initially divide the abdominal cavity into left and right compartments

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2
Q

____ are layers of visceral peritoneum with fat, connective tissue, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

A

Mesenteries are layers of visceral peritoneum with fat, connective tissue, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

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3
Q

GI is subdivided into ____, ____, and ____

A

GI is subdivided into abdominal foregut of large organs, midgut, and hindgut

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4
Q

Abdominal foregut of large organs is supplied by the ____ branches

A

Abdominal foregut of large organs is supplied by the celiac trunk branches

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5
Q

Midgut is supplied by the ____

A

Midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

Hindgut is supplied by the ____

A

Hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

_____ provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut, while the _____ provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut

A

Vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut, while the pelvic splanchnic nerves provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut

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8
Q

____ forms in a bag of ____ of the foregut that continues to grow down over the intestines as the greater omentum

A

Lesser peritoneal sac forms in a bag of dorsal mesentery of the foregut that continues to grow down over the intestines as the greater omentum

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9
Q

Rotation of the foregut / stomach 90 degrees to the right results in liver moving to the ____ and spleen moving to the ____

A

Rotation of the foregut / stomach 90 degrees to the right results in liver moving to the right and spleen moving to the left

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10
Q

Midgut grows tremendously as it loops around the _____

A

Midgut grows tremendously as it loops around the superior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

____ connects the transverse colon to the liver

A

Hepatocolic ligament connects the transverse colon to the liver

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12
Q

____ connects the transverse colon to the diaphragm on the left

A

Phrenicocolic ligament connects the transverse colon to the diaphragm on the left

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13
Q

____ connects the transverse colon to the stomach

A

Gastocolic ligament connects the transverse colon to the stomach

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14
Q

____ of the liver is a fibrous cord that is a remnant of the umbilical vein

A

Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres) is a fibrous cord that is a remnant of the umbilical vein

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15
Q

Organs in the body wall outside the greater peritoneal sac are in a ____ location

A

Organs in the body wall outside the greater peritoneal sac are in a retroperitoneal location

(aorta, IVC, kidneys, bladder, rectum, and vagina)

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16
Q

Ascending and descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum initially have mesenteries but get pressed agains the body wall to become _____ as a result of the looping and tremendous growth of the midgut

A

Ascending and descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum initially have mesenteries but get pressed agains the body wall to become secondarily retroperitoneal as a result of the looping and tremendous growth of the midgut

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17
Q

If you were inside the lesser peritoneal sac or its entryway through the epiploic foramen, you would be able to touch the _____, _____, _____, and _____ mesenteries

A

If you were inside the lesser peritoneal sac or its entryway through the epiploic foramen, you would be able to touch the splenorenal, hepatoduodenal, gastrosplenic, and hepatogastric mesenteries

(all are part of / continuous with the dorsal mesogastrium that makes up the walls of the lesser sac)

(phrenicocolic ligament is an adhesion of the left colic flexure to the diaphragm, which is outside and unrelated to the dorsal mesogastrium / lesser sac)

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18
Q

____ is secondarily retroperitoneal

A

Duodenum is secondarily retroperitoneal

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19
Q

____ is the junction of abdominal foregut and midgut

A

Middle of the duodenum is the junction of abdominal foregut and midgut

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20
Q

If Meckel’s diverticulum, a remnant of the yolk sac stalk, becomes inflamed and needs to be removed, you would look for it at ____ after surgical entry into the abdominal cavity

A

If Meckel’s diverticulum, a remnant of the yolk sac stalk, becomes inflamed and needs to be removed, you would look for it at terminal ileum after surgical entry into the abdominal cavity

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21
Q

Epiploic foramen is under the ____

A

Epiploic foramen is under the hepatoduodenal ligament

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22
Q

Ligamentum teres is a remnant of the ____

A

Ligamentum teres is a remnant of the liver bud

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23
Q

GI tract is divided into the ____, ____, and ____

A

GI tract is divided into the abdominal foregut, midgut, and hindgut

24
Q

___ is a mesentary of the stomach

A

Omentum is a mesentary of the stomach

25
Q

____ envelops the embyro and umbilical cord, while the yolk sac and allantois are compressed into the ____

A

Amnion envelops the embyro and umbilical cord, while the yolk sac and allantois are compressed into the umbilical cord

26
Q

Mesentary is ___

A

Mesentary is 2 layers of visceral peritoneum supporting the gut tube and providing a route for vessels and nerves

27
Q

____ artery feeds to the abdominal foregut

A

Celiac artery feeds to the abdominal foregut

28
Q

____ artery feeds the midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery artery feeds the midgut

29
Q

____ artery feeds the hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric artery feeds the hindgut

30
Q

____ arises forom the breakdown of the ventral mesentery of the midgut and hindgut

A

Peritoneal cavity arises forom the breakdown of the ventral mesentery of the midgut and hindgut

31
Q

____ is a yolk sac remnant off the distal ileum

A

Meckel’s diverticulum is a yolk sac remnant off the distal ileum

(can be sinus, fistula, cyst, or fibrous cord)

32
Q

Abdominal foregut is supplied by the ____, innervated by the ____, and ____ ventral mesentary

A

Abdominal foregut is supplied by celiac trunk, innervated by vagus nerve, and has ventral mesentary

33
Q

Midgut is supplied by the ____, innervated by the ____, and ____ ventral mesentary

A

Midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery, innervated by the vagus nerve, and does NOT have ventral mesentary

34
Q

Hindgut is supplied by the ____, innervated by the ____, and ____ ventral mesentary

A

Hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery, innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, and does NOT have ventral mesentary

35
Q

Describr factors that complicate the abdominal plan

A

Factors that complicate the abdominal plain

  • Formation of the lesser peritoneal sac within the dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum)
  • Growth of the greater omentum
  • Growth of the midgut
  • Looping of the midgut around the superior mesenteric artery
  • Rotation of the foregut / stomach 90 degrees to the right
36
Q

____ bags out to the left as the stomach rotates and bounds the lesser sac

A

Dorsal mesogastrium bags out to the left as the stomach rotates and bounds the lesser sac

37
Q

_____ is the space behind the stomach, while the ____ bounded by parietal peritoneum

A

Lesser sac is the space behind the stomach, while the greater sac is the peritoneal cavity bounded by parietal peritoneum

38
Q

Lesser sac and greater sac communicate via the ____

A

Lesser sac and greater sac communicate via the epiploic foramen of Winslow

39
Q

At 2 months, the ____ falls to the right and the entrance to the lesser sac is now under ____

A

At 2 months, the liver / lesser omentum falls to the right and the entrance to the lesser sac is now under the free edge of the lesser omentum

40
Q

Natural ____ are called ligaments

A

Natural mesenteries are called ligaments

  • Coronary ligament, falciform, hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal, gastosplenic (gastrolienal), and splenorenal (lienorenal)
41
Q

____ of mesenteries involve the transverse colon

A

Adhersion of mesenteries involve the transverse colon

  • Gastrocolic, phrenicocolic (suspensory ligament of the spleen), hepatocolic
42
Q

____ are round ligaments of the liver and uterus and the ovarian ligament

A

Fibrous cords are round ligaments of the liver and uterus and the ovarian ligament

43
Q

Spleen separates the ____ and ____ ligaments

A

Spleen separates the gastrosplenal and splenorenal ligaments

44
Q

Lesser omentum is the ____ and ____ ligaments

A

Lesser omentum is the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

45
Q

Describe subdivision of the dorsal and ventral mesenteries

A

Subdivisions of the dorsal and ventral mesenteries

46
Q

____ is second half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon

A

Midgut is second half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon

47
Q

___ descends to complete the midgut loop by week 20

A

Large intestine descends to complete the midgut loop by week 20

48
Q

____ is a congenital umbilical hernia of the midgut

A

Omphalocele is a congenital umbilical hernia of the midgut

49
Q

____ is a midgut hernia due to ventral wall defect

A

Gastroschisis is a midgut hernia due to ventral wall defect

(alongisde the umbilical cord, organs are bathed in amniotic fluid)

50
Q

Peritonealized organs develop in ____

A

Peritonealized organs develop in mesenteries

  • Stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, gall bladder, and uterus
51
Q

Primarily retroperitoneal organs are ____

A

Primarily retroperitoneal organs are superficial to parietal peritoneum

  • Kidneys, aorta, IVC, rectum, bladder, and vagina
52
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal organs are ____

A

Secondary retroperitoneal organs are pushed against the body wall so they appear retroperitoneal after growth of the midgut

  • Ascending colon
  • Descending colon
  • Pancreas
  • Duodenum
53
Q

____, ____, ____, and ____ are secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A

Ascending colon, descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal organs

54
Q

Greater omentum is lifted to show the ____

A

Greater omentum is lifted to show the midgut

(ascending and transverse colon and small intestine)

(teniae coli and haustra in large intestine)

55
Q

Small intestine is pulled to the left to show the ____

A

Small intestine is pulled to the left to show the midgut loops

56
Q

Midgut is pulled to the right to show the ____

A

Midgut is pulled to the right to show the hindgut

GI (40 decks)

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