SM_128b: GI Development & Organization Flashcards
Abdominal GI tract begins as a straight tube of _____ suspended by _____ and _____ that initially divide the abdominal cavity into left and right compartments
Abdominal GI tract begins as a straight tube of splanchnopleure suspended by dorsal and ventral mesenteries that initially divide the abdominal cavity into left and right compartments
____ are layers of visceral peritoneum with fat, connective tissue, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Mesenteries are layers of visceral peritoneum with fat, connective tissue, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
GI is subdivided into ____, ____, and ____
GI is subdivided into abdominal foregut of large organs, midgut, and hindgut
Abdominal foregut of large organs is supplied by the ____ branches
Abdominal foregut of large organs is supplied by the celiac trunk branches
Midgut is supplied by the ____
Midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut is supplied by the ____
Hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery
_____ provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut, while the _____ provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut
Vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut, while the pelvic splanchnic nerves provides parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut
____ forms in a bag of ____ of the foregut that continues to grow down over the intestines as the greater omentum
Lesser peritoneal sac forms in a bag of dorsal mesentery of the foregut that continues to grow down over the intestines as the greater omentum
Rotation of the foregut / stomach 90 degrees to the right results in liver moving to the ____ and spleen moving to the ____
Rotation of the foregut / stomach 90 degrees to the right results in liver moving to the right and spleen moving to the left
Midgut grows tremendously as it loops around the _____
Midgut grows tremendously as it loops around the superior mesenteric artery
____ connects the transverse colon to the liver
Hepatocolic ligament connects the transverse colon to the liver
____ connects the transverse colon to the diaphragm on the left
Phrenicocolic ligament connects the transverse colon to the diaphragm on the left
____ connects the transverse colon to the stomach
Gastocolic ligament connects the transverse colon to the stomach
____ of the liver is a fibrous cord that is a remnant of the umbilical vein
Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres) is a fibrous cord that is a remnant of the umbilical vein
Organs in the body wall outside the greater peritoneal sac are in a ____ location
Organs in the body wall outside the greater peritoneal sac are in a retroperitoneal location
(aorta, IVC, kidneys, bladder, rectum, and vagina)
Ascending and descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum initially have mesenteries but get pressed agains the body wall to become _____ as a result of the looping and tremendous growth of the midgut
Ascending and descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum initially have mesenteries but get pressed agains the body wall to become secondarily retroperitoneal as a result of the looping and tremendous growth of the midgut
If you were inside the lesser peritoneal sac or its entryway through the epiploic foramen, you would be able to touch the _____, _____, _____, and _____ mesenteries
If you were inside the lesser peritoneal sac or its entryway through the epiploic foramen, you would be able to touch the splenorenal, hepatoduodenal, gastrosplenic, and hepatogastric mesenteries
(all are part of / continuous with the dorsal mesogastrium that makes up the walls of the lesser sac)
(phrenicocolic ligament is an adhesion of the left colic flexure to the diaphragm, which is outside and unrelated to the dorsal mesogastrium / lesser sac)
____ is secondarily retroperitoneal
Duodenum is secondarily retroperitoneal
____ is the junction of abdominal foregut and midgut
Middle of the duodenum is the junction of abdominal foregut and midgut
If Meckel’s diverticulum, a remnant of the yolk sac stalk, becomes inflamed and needs to be removed, you would look for it at ____ after surgical entry into the abdominal cavity
If Meckel’s diverticulum, a remnant of the yolk sac stalk, becomes inflamed and needs to be removed, you would look for it at terminal ileum after surgical entry into the abdominal cavity
Epiploic foramen is under the ____
Epiploic foramen is under the hepatoduodenal ligament
Ligamentum teres is a remnant of the ____
Ligamentum teres is a remnant of the liver bud
GI tract is divided into the ____, ____, and ____
GI tract is divided into the abdominal foregut, midgut, and hindgut
___ is a mesentary of the stomach
Omentum is a mesentary of the stomach
____ envelops the embyro and umbilical cord, while the yolk sac and allantois are compressed into the ____
Amnion envelops the embyro and umbilical cord, while the yolk sac and allantois are compressed into the umbilical cord
Mesentary is ___
Mesentary is 2 layers of visceral peritoneum supporting the gut tube and providing a route for vessels and nerves
____ artery feeds to the abdominal foregut
Celiac artery feeds to the abdominal foregut
____ artery feeds the midgut
Superior mesenteric artery artery feeds the midgut
____ artery feeds the hindgut
Inferior mesenteric artery feeds the hindgut
____ arises forom the breakdown of the ventral mesentery of the midgut and hindgut
Peritoneal cavity arises forom the breakdown of the ventral mesentery of the midgut and hindgut
____ is a yolk sac remnant off the distal ileum
Meckel’s diverticulum is a yolk sac remnant off the distal ileum
(can be sinus, fistula, cyst, or fibrous cord)
Abdominal foregut is supplied by the ____, innervated by the ____, and ____ ventral mesentary
Abdominal foregut is supplied by celiac trunk, innervated by vagus nerve, and has ventral mesentary
Midgut is supplied by the ____, innervated by the ____, and ____ ventral mesentary
Midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery, innervated by the vagus nerve, and does NOT have ventral mesentary
Hindgut is supplied by the ____, innervated by the ____, and ____ ventral mesentary
Hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery, innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, and does NOT have ventral mesentary
Describr factors that complicate the abdominal plan
Factors that complicate the abdominal plain
- Formation of the lesser peritoneal sac within the dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum)
- Growth of the greater omentum
- Growth of the midgut
- Looping of the midgut around the superior mesenteric artery
- Rotation of the foregut / stomach 90 degrees to the right
____ bags out to the left as the stomach rotates and bounds the lesser sac
Dorsal mesogastrium bags out to the left as the stomach rotates and bounds the lesser sac
_____ is the space behind the stomach, while the ____ bounded by parietal peritoneum
Lesser sac is the space behind the stomach, while the greater sac is the peritoneal cavity bounded by parietal peritoneum
Lesser sac and greater sac communicate via the ____
Lesser sac and greater sac communicate via the epiploic foramen of Winslow
At 2 months, the ____ falls to the right and the entrance to the lesser sac is now under ____
At 2 months, the liver / lesser omentum falls to the right and the entrance to the lesser sac is now under the free edge of the lesser omentum
Natural ____ are called ligaments
Natural mesenteries are called ligaments
- Coronary ligament, falciform, hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal, gastosplenic (gastrolienal), and splenorenal (lienorenal)
____ of mesenteries involve the transverse colon
Adhersion of mesenteries involve the transverse colon
- Gastrocolic, phrenicocolic (suspensory ligament of the spleen), hepatocolic
____ are round ligaments of the liver and uterus and the ovarian ligament
Fibrous cords are round ligaments of the liver and uterus and the ovarian ligament
Spleen separates the ____ and ____ ligaments
Spleen separates the gastrosplenal and splenorenal ligaments
Lesser omentum is the ____ and ____ ligaments
Lesser omentum is the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments
Describe subdivision of the dorsal and ventral mesenteries
Subdivisions of the dorsal and ventral mesenteries
____ is second half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon
Midgut is second half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon
___ descends to complete the midgut loop by week 20
Large intestine descends to complete the midgut loop by week 20
____ is a congenital umbilical hernia of the midgut
Omphalocele is a congenital umbilical hernia of the midgut
____ is a midgut hernia due to ventral wall defect
Gastroschisis is a midgut hernia due to ventral wall defect
(alongisde the umbilical cord, organs are bathed in amniotic fluid)
Peritonealized organs develop in ____
Peritonealized organs develop in mesenteries
- Stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, gall bladder, and uterus
Primarily retroperitoneal organs are ____
Primarily retroperitoneal organs are superficial to parietal peritoneum
- Kidneys, aorta, IVC, rectum, bladder, and vagina
Secondary retroperitoneal organs are ____
Secondary retroperitoneal organs are pushed against the body wall so they appear retroperitoneal after growth of the midgut
- Ascending colon
- Descending colon
- Pancreas
- Duodenum
____, ____, ____, and ____ are secondarily retroperitoneal organs
Ascending colon, descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal organs
Greater omentum is lifted to show the ____
Greater omentum is lifted to show the midgut
(ascending and transverse colon and small intestine)
(teniae coli and haustra in large intestine)
Small intestine is pulled to the left to show the ____
Small intestine is pulled to the left to show the midgut loops
Midgut is pulled to the right to show the ____
Midgut is pulled to the right to show the hindgut
