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GI > SM_129b: Structure of the Abdomen > Flashcards

SM_129b: Structure of the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Surface of abdomen can be divided into ____ quadrants or ____ regions

A

Surface of abdomen can be divided into four quadrants or nine regions

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2
Q

Abdominal foregut artery is the ____ with its ____, ____, and ____ branches

A

Abdominal foregut artery is the celiac trunk with its left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic branches

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3
Q

Midgut artery is the ____ with its ____, ____, and ____ branches

A

Midgut artery is the superior mesenteric artery with its ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches

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4
Q

Hindgut artery is the ____ with its ____, ____, and ____ branches

A

Hindgut artery is the inferior mesenteric artery with its left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal branches

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5
Q

GI smooth muscle and glands are innervated by ____

A

GI smooth muscle and glands are innervated by parasympathetic neurons (craniosacral outflow)

  • Vagus nerve: foregut and midgut
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves: hindgut
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6
Q

GI arterial smooth muscle is innervated by ____

A

GI arterial smooth muscle is innervated by sympathetic neurons (thoracolumbar outflow)

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves

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7
Q

GI visceral sensory fibers travel with ____

A

GI visceral sensory fibers travel with all autonomic nerves

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8
Q

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T1 for ____

A

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T1 for ____ middle esophagus

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9
Q

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T7-9 for ____

A

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T7-9 for stomach

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10
Q

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T10 for ____

A

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T10 for appendix/cecum

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11
Q

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T11 for ____

A

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is T11 for right colic flexure

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12
Q

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is L1 for ____

A

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is L1 for left colic flexure

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13
Q

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is L5 for ____

A

Visceral sensory spinal segment innervation is L5 for sigmoid colon

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14
Q

Four lobes of liver are _____, _____, _____, and _____

A

Four lobes of liver are left, right, and caudate and quadrate

  • Posterior: left, right, caudate
  • Anterior: quadrate
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15
Q

Four lobes of liver are divided by the ____

A

Four lobes of liver are divided by the H-shaped fissures with the porta hepatitis (where structures enter and leave the liver) in the cross bar of the H

  • Adult structures (gall bladder, IVC) are in the right limb of H
  • Embryonic derivatives (ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum) are in the left lumb of the H
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16
Q

Portal system of veins drains blood from GI capillaries into the ____

A

Portal system of veins drains blood from GI capillaries into the liver sinusoids

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17
Q

With obstruction of portal blood flow, portal blood passes into ____

A

With obstruction of portal blood flow, portal blood passes into veins of the caval system at important sites of anastomoses where veins are dilated which are the esophagus, anterior abdominal wall (caput medusa), and rectum (hemorrhoids)

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18
Q

Body and tail of pancreas and accessory pancreatic duct develop from the ____

A

Body and tail of pancreas and accessory pancreatic duct develop from the dorsal pancreatic bud

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19
Q

Head and main pancreatic duct develop from the ____ that must slide around the duodenum to join the dorsal bud

A

Head and main pancreatic duct develop from the ventral bud that must slide around the duodenum to join the dorsal bud

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20
Q

____ drapes over the transverse colon to cover the intestines

A

Greater omentum (part of the dorsal mesogastrium) drapes over the transverse colon to cover the intestines

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21
Q

_____ contains the portal triad (bile duct, hepatic artery proper, and portal vein) and overlies the epicloic foramen

A

Lesser omentum (hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments) contains the portal triad (bile duct, hepatic artery proper, and portal vein) and overlies the epicloic foramen

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22
Q

Portal triad is ____, ____, and ____ is within the ____

A

Portal triad is bile duct, hepatic artery proper, and portal vein is within the lesser omentum

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23
Q

___ is the entry into the lesser peritoneal sac behind the stomach

A

Epiploic foramen is the entry into the lesser peritoneal sac behind the stomach

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24
Q

Routes for the pasage of peritoneal fluid / blood are ____, ____, and ____

A

Routes for the pasage of peritoneal fluid / blood are Morrison’s pouch (hepatorenal recess), paracolic gutters, and left side of dorsal mesointestine

(can accumulate more readily in more restricted spaces above the phrenicocolic ligament in the left foregut, within the lesser sac, and to the right of the dorsal mesointestine within the loop of the midgut)

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25
Q

Surgical resection of the cardiac part of the stomach near the esophagus would require ligation of branches from ____

A

Surgical resection of the cardiac part of the stomach near the esophagus would require ligation of branches from the left gastric artery

26
Q

Chronic low blood pressure could result in ischemia (low perfusion) with possible necrosis (tissue death) of bowel in locations of anastamosis between branches of the three large arteries of foregut, midgut, and hindgut. ____ would most likely be in jeopardy.

A

Chronic low blood pressure could result in ischemia (low perfusion) with possible necrosis (tissue death) of bowel in locations of anastamosis between branches of the three large arteries of foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Left colic flexure would most likely be in jeopardy.

27
Q

Describe functions of the dorsal pancreatic bud

A

Dorsal pancreatic bud

  • Gives rise to the body and tail of the pancreas
  • Gives rise to the pancreatic duct
28
Q

Describe functions of the ventral pancreatic bud

A

Describe functions of the ventral pancreatic bud

  • Gives rise to the major pancreatic duct
  • Is a bud off the liver bud
  • Slides around the duodenum to fuse with the other bud
  • Its ducr is in the major duodenal papilla
  • It joins the common bile duct
29
Q

With portal obstruction and hypertension, blood in the portal system of veins will reverse flow and dilate anastomoses with systemic veins that drain into the inferior or superior vena cava. This will occur in the ____, ____, and ____

A

With portal obstruction and hypertension, blood in the portal system of veins will reverse flow and dilate anastomoses with systemic veins that drain into the inferior or superior vena cava. This will occur in the anterior abdominal wall, esophagus, and rectum

30
Q

Patient with pain in T10 dermatoma may have pathology in ____

A

Patient with pain in T10 dermatoma may have pathology in appendix

31
Q

If neural crest cells do not migrate into the celiac ganglion, ___ would be diminished

A

If neural crest cells do not migrate into the celiac ganglion, arterial mucle tone would be diminished

32
Q

Tumors in the posterior right lobe of the liver extending into the caudate lobe might affect the ____

A

Tumors in the posterior right lobe of the liver extending into the caudate lobe might affect the inferior vena cava

33
Q

Fluid from ____ can pass most easily from the abdominal cavity (greater peritoneal sac) into the pelvic cavity

A

Fluid from left paracolic gutter can pass most easily from the abdominal cavity (greater peritoneal sac) into the pelvic cavity

34
Q

Tumor in the head of the pancreas might compress the ____ artery

A

Tumor in the head of the pancreas might compress the superior mesenteric artery

35
Q

A patient has an accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the lesser peritoneal sac. Look for the ___ when inserting a drainage canula into the epiploic foramen to enter the lesser sac.

A

A patient has an accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the lesser peritoneal sac. Look for the hepatoduodenal ligament when inserting a drainage canula into the epiploic foramen to enter the lesser sac.

36
Q

Midline abdominal regions are ____, ____, and ____

A

Midline abdominal regions are epigastric, umbilical, and suprapubic

37
Q

Left and right regions of the abdomen are ____, ____, and ____

A

Left and right regions of the abdomen are hypochondriac, lumbar, and inguinal

38
Q

Appendix is located at ____

A

Appendix is located at McBurney’s point

(1/3 from anterior superior iliac spine to navel)

39
Q

____ can compress the left renal vein

A

Superior mesenteric artery can compress the left renal vein

40
Q

Spleen spans from ribs ___ and right kidney is ____ than left kidney

A

Spleen spans from ribs 9-11 and right kidney is lower than left kidney (mostly below rib 12)

41
Q

____ and ____ provide sympathetic innervation into the autonomic (enteric) plexus via collateral ganglia

A

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation into the autonomic (enteric) plexus via collateral ganglia

42
Q

Parasympathetics in the vagus synapse in ____, while sympathetics in thoracic and lumbar splanchnics synapse in ____

A

Parasympathetics in the vagus synapse in wall of intestine (enteric plexus), while sympathetics in thoracic and lumbar splanchnics synapse in collateral ganglia

43
Q

____ plexus is a parasympathetic synapse for smooth muscle contraction

A

Auerbach’s plexus is a parasympathetic synapse for smooth muscle contraction

44
Q

____ plexus is a parasympathetic synapse for glandular secretion and muscularis mucosae

A

Meissner’s (submucosal) plexus is a parasympathetic synapse for glandular secretion and muscularis mucosae

45
Q

Describe visceral sensory spinal cord segments

A

Visceral sensory spinal cord segments

  • T1: heart ventricles
  • T7-9: stomach
  • T10: appendix
  • T12: right colic flexure
  • L1: left colic flexure
  • L2: upper sigmoid colon
46
Q

____ is an intense sensation carried by general sensory neurons in the body wall (spinal nerves) including the parietal peritoneum

A

Somatic pain is an intense sensation carried by general sensory neurons in the body wall (spinal nerves) including the parietal peritoneum

47
Q

____ is mostly dull sensation carried by visceral sensory neurons in splanchnopleure derivatives in the gut

A

Visceral sensation is mostly dull sensation carried by visceral sensory neurons in splanchnopleure derivatives in the gut

48
Q

____ originates in one location and is felt in another supplied by the same spinal segment

A

Referred pain / sensation originates in one location and is felt in another supplied by the same spinal segment

49
Q
A
50
Q

Arterial and venous portal blood mix in ___ in the liver lobules, while hepatic veins drain into the ___

A

Arterial and venous portal blood mix in sinusoids in the liver lobules, while hepatic veins drain into the IVC

51
Q

____ brings veinous blood from GI capillaries to liver sinusoids

A

Hepatic portal system brings veinous blood from GI capillaries to liver sinusoids

(portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and inferior mesenteric vein)

52
Q

____, ____, and ____ are important sites of venous porta-caval anastamosis

A

Left gastric veins, para-umbilical veins, and superior rectal veins are important sites of venous porta-caval anastamosis

53
Q

Clinical signs of portal hypertension are ____, ____, and ____

A

Clinical signs of portal hypertension are esophageal varices, caput medussa on abdominal wall, and hemorrhoids

  • Left gastric veins: esophageal varices
  • Caput medussa on abdominal wall: para-umbilical veins
  • Superior rectal veins: hemorrhoids
54
Q

In pancreatic development, ventral bud swings around the ___ to join the dorsal bud

A

In pancreatic development, ventral bud swings around the duodenum to join the dorsal bud

55
Q

____ becomes the head with the main pancreatic duct

A

Ventral bud becomes the head with the main pancreatic duct

56
Q

____ becomes the body and tail and accessory pancreatic duct

A

Dorsal bud becomes the body and tail and accessory pancreatic duct

57
Q

____ constricting the duodenum results when the ventral bud envelops the gut tube during migration

A

Anular pancreas constricting the duodenum results when the ventral bud envelops the gut tube during migration

  • Most common pancreatic congenital defect is failure of fusion of the two buds -> accessory duct becomes major duct
58
Q

Gall stones can blcok both the common bile duct and the major pancreatic duct at the ____ and ____

A

Gall stones can blcok both the common bile duct and the major pancreatic duct at the sphincter of Oddi and major duodenal papilla

(bile can back up in pancreas -> pancreatitis and severe perinotitis)

59
Q

Gall bladder touches the ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Gall bladder touches the anterior abdominal wall, liver, transverse colon, and duodenum

60
Q

Describe paracolic gutters and fluid routes

A

Paracolic gutters and fluid routes

  • 4 gutters: two paracolic and one one each side of dorsal mesointestine
  • 2 enclosed spaces: to the left of the foregut and right of the dorsal mesointestine
61
Q

Descrieb the mesenteries and greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

A

Mesenteries and greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

GI (40 decks)

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