Sleep Disorders Flashcards
Very light sleep, easy to wake, may last 5-10 minutes
-Thata waves
Stage 1 sleep
Theta continues with sleep spindles and K complexes. Heart rate slows and body temp drops
Stage 2 sleep
Deep, restorative sleep
-Slow wave or delta (1-4 Hz) waves
Stages 3 and 4
Increases with the duration of waking
-Thought to be driven by the buildup of adenosine
Homeostatic drive to sleep (VLPO)
Confines sleep and waking to different phases of the daily cycle
-Entrained to the light-dark cycle
Circadian Rythms
A peptide produced in the hypothalamus that promotes wakefulness
Orexin (Hypocretin)
Has the major role of integrating metabolic, circadian, and sleep debt
Orexin
Orexin blocker that is used for treating insomnia
Suvorexant (Belsomra)
Controls the circadian rhythm
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Characterized by pauses or gaps in breathing due to an obstruction of the airway
Sleep apnea
How do we treat restless leg syndrome?
Dopamine agonists
Dreaming without muscle paralysis
-Leads to acting on dreams i.e. sleep walking
REM Behavior Disorder
What is the most common treatment for REM Behavior Disorder?
Clonazepam
Sleepwalking, sleep eating, night terrors
Parasomnias
What are the two types of narcolepsy?
- ) Type 1: with cataplexy
2. ) Type 2: without cataplexy
Associated with loss of orexin cells in hypothalamus
Narcolepsy
Diagnosed with PSG with Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)
Narcolepsy
Drugs that activate GABA pathways are
-Mimick VLPO activation
Sedating
The sedating antidepressants are all
H1 blockers
The only well studied sedative antidepressant
Doxepin
All commonly used and approved sedative hypnotics are
Benzodiazepine receptor agonists
Predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
-Has a special role in VLPO
GABA
Potent, selective MT1/MT2 receptor agonist
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
