Sleep Disorders

Question 1

Very light sleep, easy to wake, may last 5-10 minutes

-Thata waves

Answer 1

Stage 1 sleep

Question 2

Theta continues with sleep spindles and K complexes. Heart rate slows and body temp drops

Answer 2

Stage 2 sleep

Question 3

Deep, restorative sleep

-Slow wave or delta (1-4 Hz) waves

Answer 3

Stages 3 and 4

Question 4

Increases with the duration of waking

-Thought to be driven by the buildup of adenosine

Answer 4

Homeostatic drive to sleep (VLPO)

Question 5

Confines sleep and waking to different phases of the daily cycle

-Entrained to the light-dark cycle

Answer 5

Circadian Rythms

Question 6

A peptide produced in the hypothalamus that promotes wakefulness

Answer 6

Orexin (Hypocretin)

Question 7

Has the major role of integrating metabolic, circadian, and sleep debt

Answer 7

Orexin

Question 8

Orexin blocker that is used for treating insomnia

Answer 8

Suvorexant (Belsomra)

Question 9

Controls the circadian rhythm

Answer 9

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Question 10

Characterized by pauses or gaps in breathing due to an obstruction of the airway

Answer 10

Sleep apnea

Question 11

How do we treat restless leg syndrome?

Answer 11

Dopamine agonists

Question 12

Dreaming without muscle paralysis

-Leads to acting on dreams i.e. sleep walking

Answer 12

REM Behavior Disorder

Question 13

What is the most common treatment for REM Behavior Disorder?

Answer 13

Clonazepam

Question 14

Sleepwalking, sleep eating, night terrors

Answer 14

Parasomnias

Question 15

What are the two types of narcolepsy?

Answer 15

1. ) Type 1: with cataplexy

2. ) Type 2: without cataplexy

Question 16

Associated with loss of orexin cells in hypothalamus

Answer 16

Narcolepsy

Question 17

Diagnosed with PSG with Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)

Answer 17

Narcolepsy

Question 18

Drugs that activate GABA pathways are

-Mimick VLPO activation

Answer 18

Sedating

Question 19

The sedating antidepressants are all

Answer 19

H1 blockers

Question 20

The only well studied sedative antidepressant

Answer 20

Doxepin

Question 21

All commonly used and approved sedative hypnotics are

Answer 21

Benzodiazepine receptor agonists

Question 22

Predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

-Has a special role in VLPO

Answer 22

GABA

Question 23

Potent, selective MT1/MT2 receptor agonist

Answer 23

Ramelteon (Rozerem)