Anesthesia

Question 1

To minimize side effects and maximize efficacy, most anesthesiologists employ balanced anesthesia, meaning they utilize small doses of

Answer 1

Multiple agents

Question 2

Minimal amounts of amnestied and opioid given and patient is still able to converse and respond to timelines and commands

-Able to protect airway and maintain ventilation

Answer 2

Conscious Sedation

Question 3

Involves decreases in responsiveness to painful stimuli and commands and ability to protect airway and maintain normal ventilation

Answer 3

General Anesthesia

Question 4

Once the patient has lost the ability to protect the airway, it is considered

Answer 4

General anesthesia

Question 5

The only gaseous anesthetic is

Answer 5

Nitrous Oxide

Question 6

Liquid at room temperature such as the halogenated ethers

Answer 6

Volatile anesthetic

Question 7

Used primarily for maintenance except in pediatrics where it is used for induction

Answer 7

Volatile Anesthetic

Question 8

The driving force for uptake of inhaled anesthetic to its target organ is

Answer 8

Alveolar Fraction (or Alveolar partial pressure) of anesthetic

Question 9

Which two things lead to a high onset (FA)

Answer 9

Increased F1 and increased alveolar ventilation

Question 10

The more insoluble the anesthetic is the

Answer 10

Faster the onset

Question 11

What is the order of solubilities of the anesthetics?

Answer 11

ISO > SEVO > DES > N2O

Question 12

Alveolar ventilation is the most important factor in

Answer 12

Emergence

Question 13

A minor factor in emergence

Answer 13

Metabolism

Question 14

What is the degree of metabolism for the inhaled anesthetics?

Answer 14

SEVO > ISO > DES > N2O

Question 15

Measure of potency of anesthetic

Answer 15

Minimal Alveolar Concentration (MAC)

Question 16

The partial pressure of inhalation anesthetic in the alveoli at which 50% of the population of non-relaxed patients remain immobile at skin incision

Answer 16

MAC

Question 17

Increase respiratory rate and decrease Vt for an overall decrease in minute volume

Answer 17

Inhaled anesthetic affects on respiration

Question 18

Inhaled anesthetics cause a decrease in

Answer 18

BP

Question 19

Can potentially cause. Decrease in methionine synthase activity, causing megaloblastic anemia

Answer 19

Nitrous Oxide

Question 20

Hypermetabolic syndrome in generally susceptible patients after exposure to triggering agents

Answer 20

Malignant Hyperthermia

Question 21

Caused by a decrease in reuptake of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

-Incidence is rare

Answer 21

Malignant Hyperthermia

Question 22

Prolonged muscle contraction leading to hyperthermia, hypercapnia, hypoxia, and hyperkalemia

Answer 22

Malignant hyperthermia

Question 23

Given as the antidote to malignant hyperthermia

-Inhibits release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

Dantrolene

Question 24

What are the three IV anesthetics?

Answer 24

Propofol, Etomidate, and Ketamine

Question 25

Are all lipophilic, so there is preferential partitioning into highly perfumed lipophilic tissues

Answer 25

Propolof, etomidate, and ketamine

Question 26

Have rapid redistribution from highly perfumed tissues into lean tissues for quick offset of action

Answer 26

Propofol, etomidate, and ketamine

Question 27

Used for induction and maintenance of general anesthetic as well as sedation -Milk of amnesia

Answer 27

Propofol

Question 28

A non-analgesic GABA agonist - Vasodilatory and negatively inotropic - Antiemetic

Answer 28

Propofol

Question 29

Used for induction and short sedation - Minimal hemodynamics effects - GABA agonist

Answer 29

Etomidate

Question 30

Respiratory depressant that burns on injection

Answer 30

Etomidate

Question 31

Phencyclidine derivative that gives dissociative anesthesia w/ nystagmus (cataleptic state)

Answer 31

Ketamine

Question 32

Airway reflexes are preserved in most situations with

Answer 32

Ketamine

Question 33

Hallucinations and unpleasant emergence may occur with -Co-administration of a benzodiazepine is recommended

Answer 33

Ketamine

Question 34

Used for sedation or adjunct to general anesthesia

Answer 34

Dexmedetomidine

Question 35

An alpha-2 agonist that acts as both a sedative and analgesic

Answer 35

Dexmedetomidine

Question 36

The receptors for dexmedetomidine are in the

Answer 36

Locus Ceruleus and spinal cord