CNS Stimulants

Question 1

What are the three non-stimulants used to treat ADHD

Answer 1

Atomoxetine, Guanfacine, and Clonidine

Question 2

NE reuptake inhibitor that is better suited to adults due to its 2+ week lag Tim before effects appear

Answer 2

Atomoxetine

Question 3

Enhance executive function, attentiveness, and working memory by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 3

Guanfacine and clonidine

Question 4

Act as substrates for the DA transporter (DAT)

Answer 4

Amphetamines

Question 5

Also block VMAT storage vesicles, which increases the release of presynaptic NE and DA

Answer 5

Amphetamines

Question 6

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) blocks reuptake of

Answer 6

DA and NE

Question 7

Used rarely by ear-nose-throat (ENT) specialists during sinus surgery

Answer 7

Cocaine

Question 8

Self-administration of a drug for prolonged periods or in excessive amounts, resulting in physical and/or psychological dependence

Answer 8

Substance abuse

Question 9

Powerful CNS stimulant that inhibits re-uptake of DA, NE, and Serotonin

-Produces euphoria

Answer 9

Cocaine

Question 10

Causes increased sympathetic drive, increased energy and alertness, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased BP

-Also causes mydriasis

Answer 10

Cocaine

Question 11

In periphery, cocaine potentiates NE and produces the

Answer 11

Fight or flight syndrome

Question 12

Snorting of cocaine causes

Answer 12

Necrosis/perforation of nasal septum

Question 13

A substrate for DAT, thereby inhibiting DA reuptake

Answer 13

Amphetamine

Question 14

Also blocks VMAT storage, thereby increasing release of DA into the synapse

Answer 14

Amphetamine

Question 15

Blocks DA, NE, and 5-HT reuptake transporters, thereby increasing neurotransmitter levels and activity in synapse

Answer 15

Cocaine

Question 16

Rapidly crosses the blood brain barrier

-Rapid enzymatic breakdown: t1/2 = 1 hr

Answer 16

Cocaine

Question 17

Cocaine can also freely cross the

Answer 17

Placenta

Question 18

Amphetamines have been approved to treat

Answer 18

ADHD, Narcolepsy, and Weight reduction

Question 19

Also increases DA, NE, and 5-HT

-Called “poor man’s cocaine”

Answer 19

Methamphetamine

Question 20

Low dose causes mental alertness, wakefulness, and increased energy

Answer 20

Methamphetamine

Question 21

High doses of methamphetamine can cause

Answer 21

Psychosis and oral damage

Question 22

Like cocaine, meth crosses the

Answer 22

Placenta

Question 23

To relieve the symptoms of meth withdrawal, we can give the alpha-1 antagonist

Answer 23

Prazosin

Question 24

What is the difference in half-life between

1. ) Cocaine
2. ) Meth

Answer 24

1. ) 1-2 hrs

2. ) 8-12 hrs

Question 25

What is the difference in duration between cocaine paranoia and meth paranoia?

Answer 25

1. ) Cocaine 408 hrs following drug cessation

2. ) 7-14 days following drug cessation

Question 26

May require medication/hospitalization and may be irreversible

Answer 26

Meth Psychosis