Sleep and dreaming Flashcards
Restorative Hypothesis
Species with higher metabolic rates typically spend more time in sleep
Adaptive Hypothesis
The amount of sleep depends on the availability of food and safety
Zeitgebers
Environmental stimuli that regulate sleep/wake cycle
Melatonin
Sleep-inducing hormone
Ultradian Rhythms
Cycles that are shorten than a day
What contains melanopsin?
Retinal ganglion cells
Melanopsin
Synchronizes rhythm
sensitive to light at dawn/dusk
sets the clock
Activation Synthesis Hypothesis
During REM sleep the forebrain integrates brainstem neural activity with info stored in memory
What does REM sleep do?
Promotes childhood neural development
Promotes memory
Slow wave sleep
Responds to temperature
Reverse learning hypothesis
Memories are purged during REM sleep
What is important for sleep regulation?
Preoptic area and pons
Basal Forebrain Area
Induces drowsiness
Arousing Pathway
Hypothalamus releases orexin to prevent the brain from switching to sleep
Pons
sends impulses to the magnocellular nucleus to produce REM atonia
Insomnia
Inability to sleep
Desynchrony between body temperature and sleep period
Sleepwalking
Occurs during slow wave sleep
Individual may engage in complex behavior while sleepwalking
REM Sleep behavior Disorder
Physical activity during REM sleep
Narcolepsy
Fall into REM sleep suddenly during waking hours
Cataplexy
When a person has sudden experience of full body paralysis while fully awake
Attention
the brain allocates resources to focus on some inputs while excluding others
Cheshire cat effect
Eyes send conflicting info. that two objects are in the same location
How is attention organized?
Dorsal and Ventral
Dorsal
Allocates attention under goal directed control
