Sleep and dreaming

Question 1

Restorative Hypothesis

Answer 1

Species with higher metabolic rates typically spend more time in sleep

Question 2

Adaptive Hypothesis

Answer 2

The amount of sleep depends on the availability of food and safety

Question 3

Zeitgebers

Answer 3

Environmental stimuli that regulate sleep/wake cycle

Question 4

Melatonin

Answer 4

Sleep-inducing hormone

Question 5

Ultradian Rhythms

Answer 5

Cycles that are shorten than a day

Question 6

What contains melanopsin?

Answer 6

Retinal ganglion cells

Question 7

Melanopsin

Answer 7

Synchronizes rhythm
sensitive to light at dawn/dusk
sets the clock

Question 8

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis

Answer 8

During REM sleep the forebrain integrates brainstem neural activity with info stored in memory

Question 9

What does REM sleep do?

Answer 9

Promotes childhood neural development

Promotes memory

Question 10

Slow wave sleep

Answer 10

Responds to temperature

Question 11

Reverse learning hypothesis

Answer 11

Memories are purged during REM sleep

Question 12

What is important for sleep regulation?

Answer 12

Preoptic area and pons

Question 13

Basal Forebrain Area

Answer 13

Induces drowsiness

Question 14

Arousing Pathway

Answer 14

Hypothalamus releases orexin to prevent the brain from switching to sleep

Question 15

Pons

Answer 15

sends impulses to the magnocellular nucleus to produce REM atonia

Question 16

Insomnia

Answer 16

Inability to sleep

Desynchrony between body temperature and sleep period

Question 17

Sleepwalking

Answer 17

Occurs during slow wave sleep

Individual may engage in complex behavior while sleepwalking

Question 18

REM Sleep behavior Disorder

Answer 18

Physical activity during REM sleep

Question 19

Narcolepsy

Answer 19

Fall into REM sleep suddenly during waking hours

Question 20

Cataplexy

Answer 20

When a person has sudden experience of full body paralysis while fully awake

Question 21

Attention

Answer 21

the brain allocates resources to focus on some inputs while excluding others

Question 22

Cheshire cat effect

Answer 22

Eyes send conflicting info. that two objects are in the same location

Question 23

How is attention organized?

Answer 23

Dorsal and Ventral

Question 24

Dorsal

Answer 24

Allocates attention under goal directed control

Question 25

Ventral

Answer 25

Responds to stimulus demads