Hearing and Language

Question 1

Adequate Stimulus

Answer 1

energy form for which the receptor is specialized

Question 2

Sensation

Answer 2

acquisition of sensory information

Question 3

Perception

Answer 3

Interpretation of a sensation

Question 4

Cochlea

Answer 4

where the auditory stimulus is converted to impulses

Snail shaped

Question 5

Frequency

Answer 5

measured in hertz

waves per second

Question 6

What is the human hearing range?

Answer 6

15Hz-20,000Hz

Question 7

Pitch

Answer 7

Our experience of a frequency of a sound

Question 8

Amplitude

Answer 8

Measured in mV

Peak to peak

Question 9

Loudness

Answer 9

Intensity of a sound

Question 10

Outer Ear

Answer 10

Captures, focuses, and filters sound

has 2 parts: Pinna and External Auditory Canal

Question 11

Pinna

Answer 11

Captures the sound and amplifies it by funneling it into the smaller auditory canal
Also helps to distinguish direction of sounds

Question 12

External Auditory Canal

Answer 12

Allows sound to enter skull cavity

Directs sound to the tympanic membrane

Question 13

Middle Ear

Answer 13

concentrates sound energies

Question 14

6 parts of the middle ear

Answer 14

Tympanic membrane
Tensor tympani
Ossicles
Eustachian tube
Oval window
Round window

Question 15

Tympanic membrane

Answer 15

Eardrum

collects vibrations and transmits to ossicles

Question 16

Tensor tympani

Answer 16

Tightens in loud

Question 17

Ossicles

Answer 17

Made of hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Transfers the vibration to the cochlea

Question 18

Eustachian Tube

Answer 18

Equalizes pressure between outside world and middle ear

Question 19

Round Window

Answer 19

Flexes out to relieve pressure

Question 20

3 parts of cochlea

Answer 20

Vestibular canal
Middle canal
Tympanic canal

Question 21

Cochlear Canal

Answer 21

contains organ of corti and the auditory receptor cells–> hair cells

Question 22

Organ of Corti

Answer 22

convert sounds into neural activity

Question 23

What does the organ of corti contain?

Answer 23

Hair cells inside the basilar membrane

Question 24

Outer hair cells

Answer 24

12,000

increase cochlea’s sensitivity

Question 25

Inner Hair Cells

Answer 25

3,500 | provide info. about auditory stimulation and encode sound into impulses

Question 26

What part of the basilar membrane responds to high frequencies?

Answer 26

the base

Question 27

What part of the basilar membrane responds to low frequencies?

Answer 27

the apex

Question 28

Hair cells

Answer 28

Receptors for auditory stimulation

Question 29

What happens when hair cells bend?

Answer 29

Opens ion channels which generates a receptor potential

Question 30

Frequency Theory

Answer 30

Auditory mechanism transmits actual frequency of sound to the auditory cortex

Question 31

Volley Theory

Answer 31

No single neuron can follow the frequency of a sound, but a group of neurons can

Question 32

Place Theory

Answer 32

Identifying a frequency of a sound depends on location of maximal vibration on the basilar membrane and which neurons are firing most

Question 33

Receptor

Answer 33

Responds to a particular form of energy

Question 34

Tonotopic Map

Answer 34

each successive area responds to successively higher frequencies

Question 35

Frequency-Place theory

Answer 35

Frequency encoding at low frequencies | Place encoding at high frequencies

Question 36

Binaural

Answer 36

Both ears

Question 37

Difference in intensity

Answer 37

the near ear receives slightly more intense sound

Question 38

Difference in time of arrival

Answer 38

Sound reaches nearer ear first and farther ear second

Question 39

Phase Difference

Answer 39

The far ear's wave will lag behind the nearer one

Question 40

Conduction Deafness

Answer 40

Prevents the transmission of sound energy to the cochlea

Question 41

Central deafness

Answer 41

lesions of auditory areas in the brain

Question 42

Language

Answer 42

written, spoken, and gestural communication

Question 43

Aphasias

Answer 43

Language disorder involving damage to the brain

Question 44

Broca's aphasias

Answer 44

Pauses between words Can't find the right words Mispronounces words

Question 45

Wernicke's Aphasias

Answer 45

Difficulty understanding and producing spoken and written language

Question 46

Angular Gyrus

Answer 46

connects the visual projection area to auditory and visual association areas

Question 47

Alexia

Answer 47

The inability to read | Input through angular gyrus

Question 48

Dyslexia

Answer 48

impaired reading

Question 49

Agraphia

Answer 49

The inability to write | Output through angular gyrus

Question 50

Dysgraphia

Answer 50

Impaired writing