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Biopsych > Hearing and Language > Flashcards

Hearing and Language Flashcards

1
Q

Adequate Stimulus

A

energy form for which the receptor is specialized

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2
Q

Sensation

A

acquisition of sensory information

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3
Q

Perception

A

Interpretation of a sensation

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4
Q

Cochlea

A

where the auditory stimulus is converted to impulses

Snail shaped

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5
Q

Frequency

A

measured in hertz

waves per second

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6
Q

What is the human hearing range?

A

15Hz-20,000Hz

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7
Q

Pitch

A

Our experience of a frequency of a sound

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8
Q

Amplitude

A

Measured in mV

Peak to peak

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9
Q

Loudness

A

Intensity of a sound

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10
Q

Outer Ear

A

Captures, focuses, and filters sound

has 2 parts: Pinna and External Auditory Canal

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11
Q

Pinna

A

Captures the sound and amplifies it by funneling it into the smaller auditory canal
Also helps to distinguish direction of sounds

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12
Q

External Auditory Canal

A

Allows sound to enter skull cavity

Directs sound to the tympanic membrane

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13
Q

Middle Ear

A

concentrates sound energies

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14
Q

6 parts of the middle ear

A 
Tympanic membrane
Tensor tympani
Ossicles
Eustachian tube
Oval window
Round window
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15
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum

collects vibrations and transmits to ossicles

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16
Q

Tensor tympani

A

Tightens in loud

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17
Q

Ossicles

A

Made of hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Transfers the vibration to the cochlea

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18
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

Equalizes pressure between outside world and middle ear

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19
Q

Round Window

A

Flexes out to relieve pressure

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20
Q

3 parts of cochlea

A

Vestibular canal
Middle canal
Tympanic canal

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21
Q

Cochlear Canal

A

contains organ of corti and the auditory receptor cells–> hair cells

22
Q

Organ of Corti

A

convert sounds into neural activity

23
Q

What does the organ of corti contain?

A

Hair cells inside the basilar membrane

24
Q

Outer hair cells

A

12,000

increase cochlea’s sensitivity

25
Q

Inner Hair Cells

A

3,500

provide info. about auditory stimulation and encode sound into impulses

26
Q

What part of the basilar membrane responds to high frequencies?

A

the base

27
Q

What part of the basilar membrane responds to low frequencies?

A

the apex

28
Q

Hair cells

A

Receptors for auditory stimulation

29
Q

What happens when hair cells bend?

A

Opens ion channels which generates a receptor potential

30
Q

Frequency Theory

A

Auditory mechanism transmits actual frequency of sound to the auditory cortex

31
Q

Volley Theory

A

No single neuron can follow the frequency of a sound, but a group of neurons can

32
Q

Place Theory

A

Identifying a frequency of a sound depends on location of maximal vibration on the basilar membrane and which neurons are firing most

33
Q

Receptor

A

Responds to a particular form of energy

34
Q

Tonotopic Map

A

each successive area responds to successively higher frequencies

35
Q

Frequency-Place theory

A

Frequency encoding at low frequencies

Place encoding at high frequencies

36
Q

Binaural

A

Both ears

37
Q

Difference in intensity

A

the near ear receives slightly more intense sound

38
Q

Difference in time of arrival

A

Sound reaches nearer ear first and farther ear second

39
Q

Phase Difference

A

The far ear’s wave will lag behind the nearer one

40
Q

Conduction Deafness

A

Prevents the transmission of sound energy to the cochlea

41
Q

Central deafness

A

lesions of auditory areas in the brain

42
Q

Language

A

written, spoken, and gestural communication

43
Q

Aphasias

A

Language disorder involving damage to the brain

44
Q

Broca’s aphasias

A

Pauses between words
Can’t find the right words
Mispronounces words

45
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasias

A

Difficulty understanding and producing spoken and written language

46
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

connects the visual projection area to auditory and visual association areas

47
Q

Alexia

A

The inability to read

Input through angular gyrus

48
Q

Dyslexia

A

impaired reading

49
Q

Agraphia

A

The inability to write

Output through angular gyrus

50
Q

Dysgraphia

A

Impaired writing

Biopsych (12 decks)

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