Chapter 6

Question 1

Instinct

Answer 1

Behavior that is automatic and unlearned

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

Body’s ability to maintain a condition at a specific level

Question 3

Drive theory

Answer 3

When homeostasis is departed it creates a drive to perform behaviors to restore balance

Question 4

Incentive theory

Answer 4

External stimuli motivate behavior

Question 5

Arousal theory

Answer 5

Individuals act in ways that maintain the body at a certain state of arousal

Question 6

Homeostatic drives

Answer 6

Detect departures from set points

Question 7

Ectotherms

Answer 7

Can’t regulate body temp internally

Question 8

Endotherms

Answer 8

Maintain a constant internal temp

Question 9

What receives temperature signals from the blood/skin?

Answer 9

Prepotic area of hypothalamus

Question 10

Osmotic thirst

Answer 10

When fluid content in cells decrease

Cells become more concentrated

Question 11

OVLT

Answer 11

Signals median preoptic nucleus to trigger drinking

Question 12

Hypovolemic thirst

Answer 12

When blood volume drops due to extra cellular loss of water

Question 13

What detects drop in blood volume?

Answer 13

Receptors in the heart

Question 14

Sensory specific satiety

Answer 14

Food becomes less appealing the more you eat it

Question 15

Learned taste aversion

Answer 15

Avoid foods associated with illness and poor nutrition

Question 16

Learned taste preference

Answer 16

Preference for a flavor of a food that contains a needed nutrient

Question 17

What happens in the mouth?

Answer 17

Saliva starts breakdown of starches into glucose

Question 18

What happens in the stomach?

Answer 18

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin mixes with food to digest proteins into amino acids

Question 19

Duodenum

Answer 19

Part of the small intestine where the rest of digestion takes places

Question 20

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 20

Fats are transformed to fatty acids and glycerol by bile

Question 21

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 21

Transports products of digestion to the liver

Question 22

Absorptive phase

Answer 22

Body lives off nutrients from digestive system

Question 23

What happens during absorptive phase?

Answer 23

Glucose increases–> enters cells
Pan crease secretes insulin
Glucose turned to glycogen

Question 24

Fasting phase

Answer 24

Body releases stored energy

Question 25

What happens during fasting phase?

Answer 25

Glucose decreases
Pancreas secretes glucagon
Glycogen turns to glucose

Question 26

Insulin

Answer 26

Enables cells to take up glucose

Question 27

Glucagon

Answer 27

Causes the liver to turn glycogen into glucose

Question 28

Signals that start a meal

Answer 28

Glucoprivic hunger
Lipoprivic hunger
Empty stomach

Question 29

Glucoprivic hunger

Answer 29

Low blood glucose levels

Question 30

Lipoprivic hunger

Answer 30

Low fatty acid levels in blood

Question 31

Arcuate nucleus

Answer 31

Monitors the body’s nutrient conditions

Question 32

Gherelin

Answer 32

Released during fasting to stimulate eating

Question 33

What signals release for NPY and AgRP?

Answer 33

The hunger signals

Question 34

Function of NPY and AgRP?

Answer 34

Increase motivation to eat and reduce metabolism

Question 35

What signals end a meal?

Answer 35

Stretch receptors in the stomach

CCK

Question 36

CCK

Answer 36

Released in the duodenum to trigger satiety

Question 37

Leptin

Answer 37

Inhibits eating when fat is in abundance

Question 38

Nicotine

Answer 38

Inhibits appetite

Question 39

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 39

Energy required to fuel the brain and the body

Question 40

Motivation

Answer 40

Set of factors that initiate sustain and direct behaviors