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Biopsych > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Agonists

A

Enhances a neurotransmitter

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2
Q

Antagonists

A

May reduce release of neurotransmitter or block its receptors

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3
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Have psychological effects

Anxiety relief or hallucinations

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4
Q

Addiction

A

Preoccupation with obtaining the drug
Compulsive use of the drug in spite of adverse consequences
A high tendency to relapse

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5
Q

Withdrawal

A

Negative reaction when drug use is stopped

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6
Q

Tolerance

A

A person becomes less responsive to the drug and needs more amounts
Reason for overdose

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7
Q

Analgesic

A

Pain relief

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8
Q

Hypnotic

A

Sleep inducing

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9
Q

Euphoria

A

Strong feelings of happiness

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10
Q

Depressants

A

Reduce nervous system activity

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11
Q

Anxiolytic

A

Anxiety reduction

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12
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase arousal and alertness

Euphoria

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13
Q

Psychedelics

A

Perceptual distortions and hallucinations

Releases dopamine

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14
Q

Marijuana

A

Impaired prefrontal functioning

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15
Q

Why are opiates highly abused?

A

They mimic endorphins

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16
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural pain killers–> stimulate opioid receptors are

Indirectly stimulates dopamine pathways

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17
Q

Why is heroin dangerous?

A

Produces intense euphoria
Crosses blood brain barrier
Tolerance increases rapidly–> overdose

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18
Q

Learned tolerance

A

When a drug is taken in a different setting there’s a higher chance of overdose

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19
Q

What is the most commonly abused depressant?

A

Alcohol

20
Q

How does alcohol act as a stimulant?

A

Turns of cortical inhibition, reducing social constraints and anxiety

21
Q

When is a person too impaired to drive?

A

When BAC level is .08%

22
Q

Acute effects of alcohol

A

Alcohol induced coma or death

23
Q

Chronic effects of alcohol

A

Liver and brain damage

24
Q

Cocaine

A

Extracted from cocoa plant

Blocks dopamine and serotonin reuptake

25
Q

Why is cocaine addictive?

A

Intense euphoria and craving during abstinence

26
Q

Amphetamines

A

Synthetic drugs that produce confidence and concentration

27
Q

What do amphetamines do?

A

Increase release of norepinephrine and dopamine

28
Q

Caffeine

A

Arousal, increased alertness, decreased sleepiness

29
Q

How does caffeine contribute to arousal?

A

Blocks adenosine

30
Q

Nicotine

A

Increased alertness and faster response to stimulation

31
Q

How does nicotine work?

A

Stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

32
Q

What are some psychedelic drugs?

A

LSD, mushrooms, mescaline, PCP, ecstasy

33
Q

Drugs

A

Changes the body or its functioning

34
Q

Narcotic

A

Act centrally
Addiction, dependence, tolerance
Not anti inflammatory

35
Q

Mechanism of narcotic

A

Act directly on cns by binding to opioid receptors

36
Q

Non narcotic

A

Act peripherally
Not habit forming
Anti inflammatory

37
Q

Mechanism with non narcotic

A

Inhibit formation of pain producing substances

38
Q

How does aspirin work?

A

Prevents prostaglandins that cause pain and fever

39
Q

Moral model

A

Blame the substance abuser for a failure of moral character or a lack of self control

40
Q

Disease model

A

Drug user requires medical treatment

41
Q

Agonistic

A

Mimic drugs affects

Methadone

42
Q

Antagonistic

A

Block drugs effects

Naltrexone

43
Q

Aversive treatments

A

Cause an unpleasant reaction to the drug

44
Q

Anti drug vaccines

A

Stimulate the immune system to make antibodies that degrade the drug

45
Q

The physical dependence model

A

People keep taking drugs to avid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

46
Q

Mesolimbocortical dopamine system

A

Major reward system

Biopsych (12 decks)

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