Chapter 5

Question 1

Agonists

Answer 1

Enhances a neurotransmitter

Question 2

Antagonists

Answer 2

May reduce release of neurotransmitter or block its receptors

Question 3

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 3

Have psychological effects

Anxiety relief or hallucinations

Question 4

Addiction

Answer 4

Preoccupation with obtaining the drug
Compulsive use of the drug in spite of adverse consequences
A high tendency to relapse

Question 5

Withdrawal

Answer 5

Negative reaction when drug use is stopped

Question 6

Tolerance

Answer 6

A person becomes less responsive to the drug and needs more amounts
Reason for overdose

Question 7

Analgesic

Answer 7

Pain relief

Question 8

Hypnotic

Answer 8

Sleep inducing

Question 9

Euphoria

Answer 9

Strong feelings of happiness

Question 10

Depressants

Answer 10

Reduce nervous system activity

Question 11

Anxiolytic

Answer 11

Anxiety reduction

Question 12

Stimulants

Answer 12

Increase arousal and alertness

Euphoria

Question 13

Psychedelics

Answer 13

Perceptual distortions and hallucinations

Releases dopamine

Question 14

Marijuana

Answer 14

Impaired prefrontal functioning

Question 15

Why are opiates highly abused?

Answer 15

They mimic endorphins

Question 16

Endorphins

Answer 16

Natural pain killers–> stimulate opioid receptors are

Indirectly stimulates dopamine pathways

Question 17

Why is heroin dangerous?

Answer 17

Produces intense euphoria
Crosses blood brain barrier
Tolerance increases rapidly–> overdose

Question 18

Learned tolerance

Answer 18

When a drug is taken in a different setting there’s a higher chance of overdose

Question 19

What is the most commonly abused depressant?

Answer 19

Alcohol

Question 20

How does alcohol act as a stimulant?

Answer 20

Turns of cortical inhibition, reducing social constraints and anxiety

Question 21

When is a person too impaired to drive?

Answer 21

When BAC level is .08%

Question 22

Acute effects of alcohol

Answer 22

Alcohol induced coma or death

Question 23

Chronic effects of alcohol

Answer 23

Liver and brain damage

Question 24

Cocaine

Answer 24

Extracted from cocoa plant

Blocks dopamine and serotonin reuptake

Question 25

Why is cocaine addictive?

Answer 25

Intense euphoria and craving during abstinence

Question 26

Amphetamines

Answer 26

Synthetic drugs that produce confidence and concentration

Question 27

What do amphetamines do?

Answer 27

Increase release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 28

Caffeine

Answer 28

Arousal, increased alertness, decreased sleepiness

Question 29

How does caffeine contribute to arousal?

Answer 29

Blocks adenosine

Question 30

Nicotine

Answer 30

Increased alertness and faster response to stimulation

Question 31

How does nicotine work?

Answer 31

Stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 32

What are some psychedelic drugs?

Answer 32

LSD, mushrooms, mescaline, PCP, ecstasy

Question 33

Drugs

Answer 33

Changes the body or its functioning

Question 34

Narcotic

Answer 34

Act centrally Addiction, dependence, tolerance Not anti inflammatory

Question 35

Mechanism of narcotic

Answer 35

Act directly on cns by binding to opioid receptors

Question 36

Non narcotic

Answer 36

Act peripherally Not habit forming Anti inflammatory

Question 37

Mechanism with non narcotic

Answer 37

Inhibit formation of pain producing substances

Question 38

How does aspirin work?

Answer 38

Prevents prostaglandins that cause pain and fever

Question 39

Moral model

Answer 39

Blame the substance abuser for a failure of moral character or a lack of self control

Question 40

Disease model

Answer 40

Drug user requires medical treatment

Question 41

Agonistic

Answer 41

Mimic drugs affects | Methadone

Question 42

Antagonistic

Answer 42

Block drugs effects | Naltrexone

Question 43

Aversive treatments

Answer 43

Cause an unpleasant reaction to the drug

Question 44

Anti drug vaccines

Answer 44

Stimulate the immune system to make antibodies that degrade the drug

Question 45

The physical dependence model

Answer 45

People keep taking drugs to avid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

Question 46

Mesolimbocortical dopamine system

Answer 46

Major reward system