Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Answer 1

perceptual, emotional and intellectual deficits
Loss of contact with reality and inability to function
caused by frontal lobe damage

Question 2

Psychosis

Answer 2

severe disturbances of reality, orientation, and thinking

Question 3

Acute schizophrenia

Answer 3

Symptoms develop suddenly and respond well to treatment

Question 4

Chronic schizophrenia

Answer 4

Symptoms develop gradually and its harder to treat

Question 5

Type 1 Schizophrenia

Answer 5

The presence or exaggeration of behaviors

Hallucinations or Delusions

Question 6

Type 2 Schizophrenia

Answer 6

Absence of normal behaviors
Lack of motivation, attention, speech, and pleasure
Resistant to antidopamine drugs
Involves greater cell loss

Question 7

Vulnerability Model

Answer 7

Suggest genetic predispositions to schizophrenia

Question 8

Dopamine Hypothesis

Answer 8

Schizophrenia involves excess dopamine activity in the brain

Question 9

Glutamate theory

Answer 9

Schizophrenia is caused by understimulation of glutamate receptors

Question 10

Brain anomalies of schizophrenia

Answer 10

Reduced gray matter and limbic area volume

Synchrony

Question 11

Hypofrontality hypothesis

Answer 11

suggests schizophrenia is underactivation of frontal lobes

Question 12

Winter birth effect

Answer 12

Schizophrenia is more prevalent in babies born in the winter and spring than those born in summer or fall

Question 13

Depression

Answer 13

Intense feeling of sadness

Question 14

Major Depression

Answer 14

lasts for weeks to months at a time

Question 15

Unipolar Depression

Answer 15

Depression appears alone

Question 16

Bipolar disorder

Answer 16

Depression occurs with periods of mania

Question 17

Mania

Answer 17

excess energy, decreased need for sleep, and increased sex drive

Question 18

Monoamine Hypothesis

Answer 18

Depression involves reduced activity at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses

Question 19

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 19

Block enzymatic destruction of neurotransmitters

Question 20

Tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 20

Block reuptake

Question 21

Atypical antidepressants

Answer 21

Target a specific neurotransmitter

Question 22

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Answer 22

Reduces depression by inducing a seizure
Increases synchrony
Short lived

Question 23

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 23

Daily biological rhythm

Question 24

What can relieve depression?

Answer 24

Readjusting circadian rhythm

Reducing the amount of a persons rapid eye movement sleep

Question 25

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Answer 25

Depression varies with the seasons

Question 26

Phototherapy

Answer 26

Exposure to high intensity lights | Treatment for winter depression

Question 27

Lithium

Answer 27

Stabilizes neurotransmitter and receptor systems to prevent large mood swings

Question 28

Suicide

Answer 28

Serotonin activity is low

Question 29

Endophenotypes

Answer 29

Heritable characteristics that increase risk of suicide

Question 30

Generalized Anxiety, Panic Disorder, and Phobia

Answer 30

Include neurotransmitters GABA and serotonin | treated with SSRIs

Question 31

Circuits that contribute to anxiety

Answer 31

Ventral attention network Salience network Frontoparietal network Default Mode network

Question 32

PTSD

Answer 32

prolonged stress reaction to a traumatic event | Hippocampal volume is reduced

Question 33

OCD

Answer 33

Persistent obsessions and compulsions High activity in the orbital frontal cortex and caudate nuclei Serotonin is high

Question 34

Acral lick Syndrome

Answer 34

Excessive self grooming | Serotonin imbalance

Question 35

Tourette Syndrome

Answer 35

a variety of motor and phonic tics | Basal ganglia