Memory Flashcards
Place Cells
Increase firing when the individual is in a specific location in the environment
What is the role of the prefrontal area during retrieval?
Directs the search strategy in hippocampus
Where does the brain store info?
In the hippocampus temporarily
Over time where does a memory get transferred?
to cortical areas
Long term Potentiation
Increase in synaptic strength
Forming and recalling memories
Long term Depression
A decrease in the strength of synapses
Forgetting, deleting incorrect info.
What does high frequency stimulation elicit?
Long term potentiation
What does low frequency stimulation elicit?
Long term Depression
Hebb Rule
When two neurons fire together the synapse between them strengthens
Associative LTP
Weak synapse strengthened through induction
Theta Waves
4 to 7 Hz
Induces LTP
What Glutamate receptors are necessary for LTP?
AMPA and NMDA
What triggers AMPA receptors and what are they?
Small stimulation triggers them
and they are short acting
What triggers NMDA receptors and what are they?
Large stimulation triggers them
They are long lasting
What happens during LTP?
Postsynaptic neurons release nitric oxide which triggers presynaptic neurons to release neurotransmitters
How does the brain change during learning?
Increase and enlargement in dendritic spines after LTP
Additional AMPA transported to the spines
Extinction
Eliminates useless memories through new learning
Requires activation of NMDA receptors
What encourages memory loss?
Enzyme PP1 and Rac protein
Reserve hypothesis
Active lifestyle throughout life promotes neurogenesis
Alzheimer’s Disease
Progressive brain deterioration, declarative memory loss
Amyloid Plaques
Interfere with neural transmission
Neurofibrillary tangles
Associated with neural death
Changes in the brain due to alzheimer’s?
Loss of neurons in temporal and frontal lobes
Enlargement of ventricles
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Brain deterioration caused by alcoholism
Deficiency in B1
