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Biopsych > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Place Cells

A

Increase firing when the individual is in a specific location in the environment

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2
Q

What is the role of the prefrontal area during retrieval?

A

Directs the search strategy in hippocampus

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3
Q

Where does the brain store info?

A

In the hippocampus temporarily

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4
Q

Over time where does a memory get transferred?

A

to cortical areas

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5
Q

Long term Potentiation

A

Increase in synaptic strength

Forming and recalling memories

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6
Q

Long term Depression

A

A decrease in the strength of synapses

Forgetting, deleting incorrect info.

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7
Q

What does high frequency stimulation elicit?

A

Long term potentiation

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8
Q

What does low frequency stimulation elicit?

A

Long term Depression

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9
Q

Hebb Rule

A

When two neurons fire together the synapse between them strengthens

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10
Q

Associative LTP

A

Weak synapse strengthened through induction

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11
Q

Theta Waves

A

4 to 7 Hz

Induces LTP

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12
Q

What Glutamate receptors are necessary for LTP?

A

AMPA and NMDA

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13
Q

What triggers AMPA receptors and what are they?

A

Small stimulation triggers them

and they are short acting

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14
Q

What triggers NMDA receptors and what are they?

A

Large stimulation triggers them

They are long lasting

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15
Q

What happens during LTP?

A

Postsynaptic neurons release nitric oxide which triggers presynaptic neurons to release neurotransmitters

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16
Q

How does the brain change during learning?

A

Increase and enlargement in dendritic spines after LTP

Additional AMPA transported to the spines

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17
Q

Extinction

A

Eliminates useless memories through new learning

Requires activation of NMDA receptors

18
Q

What encourages memory loss?

A

Enzyme PP1 and Rac protein

19
Q

Reserve hypothesis

A

Active lifestyle throughout life promotes neurogenesis

20
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Progressive brain deterioration, declarative memory loss

21
Q

Amyloid Plaques

A

Interfere with neural transmission

22
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Associated with neural death

23
Q

Changes in the brain due to alzheimer’s?

A

Loss of neurons in temporal and frontal lobes

Enlargement of ventricles

24
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A

Brain deterioration caused by alcoholism

Deficiency in B1

25
Q

Confabulation

A

People make up stories and facts to make up for missing memories

26
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to reason, understand, and profit from experience

27
Q

IQ

A

Average is 100

Higher IQ scores= high myelination

28
Q

What brain area is responsible for linguistics?

A

Left frontal and temporal lobes

29
Q

What brain area is responsible for math?

A

Left prefrontal cortex and Parietal cortices

30
Q

What brain area is responsible for spatial?

A

Right parietal structures

31
Q

Smart drugs

A

Modafinil and methylphenidate

Dopamine agonists

32
Q

Effects on Aging on Intelligence

A

Perceptual speed drops after 25

Numeric memory stops at 60

33
Q

Intellectual disability

A

IQ below 70 and difficulty meeting needs like self care

34
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Extra 21st chromosome

Glia secrete two proteins less that support neuron survival

35
Q

Fragile X syndrome

A

Mutated FMR1 gene which prunes excess synapses

36
Q

PKU

A

Lacks enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine

37
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Fluid build up in brain

38
Q

ADHD

A

impulsiveness, inability to sustain attention, learning difficulty and hyperactivity

39
Q

What is ADHD linked to?

A

Reduced activity in dopamine pathways

40
Q

Ritalin

A

Improves impulse control, working memory, and learning

Biopsych (12 decks)

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