Learning and Memory

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Process of acquiring new information

Question 2

Memory

Answer 2

The ability to store and retrieve info.

Question 3

Habituation

Answer 3

A change in response to repeated stimulation

Question 4

What happens in habituation?

Answer 4

The first response is different from later responses

Question 5

Dishabituation

Answer 5

Responding to old stimuli as if it were new

Question 6

Classical Conditioning

Answer 6

The organism learns/responds to the relationship between 2 stimuli

Question 7

4 components of classical conditioning

Answer 7

Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus
Conditioned Response

Question 8

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 8

Stimulus that already produces a response

Question 9

Unconditioned Response

Answer 9

Response to unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 10

Something that doesnt produce the response

Question 11

Conditioned Response

Answer 11

The response to the conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Stimulus-Stimulus Associations

Answer 12

The sound of the food predicts the coming of food

Question 13

What happens to humans with damage to the hippocampus?

Answer 13

Can learn new things but can’t remember the experience of learning

Question 14

Operant Conditioning

Answer 14

Behavior is controlled by its consequences

Question 15

How do you increase behavior in operant conditioning?

Answer 15

Reinforcement

Question 16

How do you decrease behavior in operant conditioning?

Answer 16

Punishment

Question 17

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 17

Add rewards

Question 18

Negative Punishment

Answer 18

End rewards

Question 19

Positive Punishment

Answer 19

Add punishments

Question 20

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 20

End punishments

Question 21

What is learned in operant conditioning?

Answer 21

The organism learns that their behavior caused something to happen

Question 22

What is activated at the start of operant conditioning?

Answer 22

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 23

What happens as a habit is formed?

Answer 23

Activation increases in the basal ganglia

Question 24

Contiguity

Answer 24

The action and its consequences are together in time and space

Question 25

Contingency

Answer 25

There is reliable dependence of one event

Question 26

Taste Aversion

Answer 26

An exception to contiguity rule

Question 27

What experiences changes during taste aversion?

Answer 27

Gustatory Cortex and Amygdala

Question 28

2 Types of long term Memory

Answer 28

Declarative and Nondeclarative

Question 29

Declarative memory

Answer 29

facts, people, and events a person can verbalize

Question 30

Nondeclarative memory

Answer 30

Memories for behaviors, skills learning, emotional learning

Question 31

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 31

Unable to form new memories

Question 32

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 32

The inability to remember events before injury

Question 33

What type of memory does amnesia affect?

Answer 33

Declarative memory

Question 34

What does the mirror tracing task test?

Answer 34

Nondeclarative memory

Question 35

Types of Declarative memory

Answer 35

Episodic and Semantic

Question 36

Episodic Memory

Answer 36

Memory of an event

Question 37

Semantic Memory

Answer 37

Memory of things that are common knowledge

Question 38

Examples of Nondeclarative Memory

Answer 38

Skill learning
Priming
Conditioning

Question 39

What brain structure does Declarative Memory require?

Answer 39

The hippocampus

Question 40

What brain structure does Nondeclarative memory require?

Answer 40

Striatum

Question 41

Encoding

Answer 41

Sensory to Short term memory storage

Question 42

Consolidation

Answer 42

The process where the brain forms a physical representation of a memory
Short term storage to long term storage

Question 43

Retrieval

Answer 43

The process of accessing the consolidated memories

Question 44

What does disabling the hippocampus do?

Answer 44

Causes impaired learning and consolidation problems