Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two forms of sleep?

A

Non-REM/deep

REM

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2
Q

What are the features of non-REM/deep sleep?

A

Start of night
3/4 of sleep time
Synchronised, rhythmic EEG activity, decreased cerebral blood flow
Dreams are static images

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3
Q

What are the features of REM sleep?

A

End of night
EEG shows fast activity, increased brain activity (fMRI) and increased cerebral blood flow- similar to awake
Narrative movie like dreams

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4
Q

Which type of sleep is more important?

A

Deep- if deprived them sleep will have more deep.

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5
Q

What does deep sleep do?

A

Allows the brain to switch off

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6
Q

What does REM sleep do?

A

Consolidates memories

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7
Q

What are the three mechanisms of sleep?

A

Homeostatic
Emotional
Circadian rhythmn

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8
Q

How does homeostasis contribute to sleep?

A

If tired then the body tries to sleep

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9
Q

How do emotions contribute to sleep?

A

Have to be emotionally ready for sleep- not stressed etc

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10
Q

How does circadian rhythm contribute to sleep?

A

Naturally try to fall asleep at 4am and 2pm

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11
Q

How does the number of hours of sleep required change as we age?

A

Decreases

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12
Q

Is sleep walking etc suggestive of underlying pathology?

A

No

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13
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Fitful sleep with less time than normal in REM

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14
Q

Does insomnia tend to suggest an underlying pathology?

A

Not usually

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15
Q

What is parasomnia?

A

Abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams

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16
Q

What can REM parasomnias result in?

A

Acting out dreams

17
Q

How does the body try to protect us from parasomnias?

A

Sleep paralysis

18
Q

What can non-REM parasomnias result in?

A

Sleep walking and vivid hallucinations

19
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Suddenly falling asleep at inappropriate times/daytime sleepiness

20
Q

What symptom can narcolepsy involve?

A

Cataplexy

21
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone- generally with shock etc

22
Q

How do you diagnose narcolepsy?

A

Clinical suspicion
Overnight polysomnography
Sleep latency test

23
Q

What is a sleep latency test?

A

4x25 minute naps throughout the day. If they go straight into REM sleep, then pathological