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Neurology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name five physical parts of a neuron.

A 
Neurite- Dendrite
Soma
Axon hillock
Neurite- Axon
Synapse
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2
Q

What does the dendrite do?

A

Receive input

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3
Q

What is the soma?

A

Cell body

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4
Q

What happens at the axon hillock?

A

All or nothing

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5
Q

What are the four shapes a neuron can be?

A

Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

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6
Q

Describe a unipolar neuron

A

Soma -> Neurite (axon)

Peripheral autonomic N

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7
Q

Describe a pseudounipolar neruron

A

One bifurcated neuron with central and peripheral neurites.

DRG N

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8
Q

Describe a bipolar neuron

A

Neurite -> Soma -> Neurite

Retinal cells

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9
Q

Describe a multipolar neuron

A

Many dendrites on soma -> axon

LMN

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10
Q

What is a neurite?

A

Process from soma (axon or dendrite)

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11
Q

What are the four functional regions of a neuron

A

Input (Dendrite normally)
Integration (Axon Hillock)
Conduction (Axon)
Output (Synapse)

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12
Q

Name two types of input

A

Sensory

Synaptic

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13
Q

What is the RMP?

A

~-70mV

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14
Q

What causes the upstroke of the AP?

A

Na influx

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15
Q

Where does the AP peak?

A

~30-40mV

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16
Q

What causes the downstroke of the AP?

A

K efflux

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17
Q

What happens on repolarisation?

A

Overshoot

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18
Q

How far does the AP tend to overshoot?

A

~-80mV

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19
Q

Why is it beneficial for the axon to be leaky?

A

To prevent propagation of passive signals

20
Q

What two factors increase signal conductance?

A

Larger neuron and myelination

21
Q

What two cells myelinate neurons?

A

Schwann cells- PNS

Oligodendrocytes- CNS

22
Q

What is demyelination in the PNS called?

A

Guillian-Barré syndrome

23
Q

What is demyelination in the CNS called?

A

MS

24
Q

What causes vesicle binding?

A

Ca

25
Q

How wide is the synaptic cleft?

A

20-50nm

26
Q

What are the three locations of synapse?

A

Axodendritic- Very common
Axosomatic- Common
Axoaxonic- Uncommon

27
Q

What are the two broad types of synapse?

A

Chemical

Electrical

28
Q

What two types of signal are neurons capable of transmitting?

A

Excitatory

Inhibitory

29
Q

What is the most common excitatory NT in the PNS and CNS respectively?

A

PNS- ACh

CNS- Glutamate

30
Q

What are the two most common inhibitory NT in the CNS?

A

GABA and glycine

31
Q

What three chemical categories of NT are there?

A

AA
Amines
Peptide

32
Q

Give some examples of AA NT

A

Glutamate
GABA
Glycine

33
Q

Give some examples of amine NT

A

Dopamine
Histamine
NA
Serotonin (5HT)

34
Q

Give some examples of peptide NT

A 
CCK
Enkephalin
Neuropeptide Y
Somatostatin
Substance P
TRH
VIP
35
Q

Where are ACh, AA and amine NT released from?

A

Synaptic vesicle

36
Q

Where are peptide NT released from?

A

Secretory vesicles

37
Q

What two types of NT receptor are there?

A

Ionotropic (Ligand gated ion channel)

Metabotropic (GCPR)

38
Q

Which one NT does not have GCPRs?

A

Glycine

39
Q

What are the three types of glutamate ionotropic R?

A

AMPA- Fast
Kainate- Fast
NMDA- Slow

40
Q

What ions are AMPA and Ka R selective for?

A

Na and K

41
Q

What ions is NMDA R selective for?

A

Na, Ca and K

42
Q

Are glutamate metabotropic R excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Inhibitory

43
Q

Why are NMDA R cytotoxic?

A

Ca influx

44
Q

What drugs can act on MNDA R?

A

Ketamine etc

45
Q

What do metabotropic NMDA R do?

A

Presynaptic to modulate NT release (block Ca)

Neurology (30 decks)

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