Anatomy Flashcards
What are the two components of the NS?
CNS
PNS
What makes up the CNS?
Brain Brain stem (BS) Spinal cord (SC)
What are the three main components of the brain?
Cerebral hemispheres
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
What makes up the BS?
Midbrain, Pons, Cerebellum and Medulla Oblongata
What are the valleys and bumps of the cerebral hemispheres called?
Lumps- Gyri
Valley nail depth- Fissure
What makes up white matter?
Axons
What makes up grey matter?
Soma
How is white and grey matter orientated in the CH?
Grey superficial and white deep
How is white and grey matter orientated in the SC?
Grey forms H inside ring of white
What are some important surface anatomy features of the brain?
Longitudinal fissure Central sulcus Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Lateral fissure
What links the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Corpus callosum
How many lobes make up the cerebrum?
10: 2x frontal 2x parietal 2x temporal 2x occipital 2x insular
How many ventricles are there in the brain?
4:
2x lateral
3rd (both lateral drain into this midline structure)
4th
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus down to corpus callosum and lateral fissure
What separates the parietal lobe from the three other lobes?
Frontal- Central sulcus
Temporal- Lateral fissure to parietal-occipital sulcus
Occipital- Parietal-occipital sulcus
What separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes?
Preoccipital notch and Parietal-occipital sulcus
What covers the brain?
Meningies
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Describe the dura mater
Tough outer layer
Periosteum of skull
Closely associated with arachnoid
Describe the arachnoid mater
Closely associated with the dura with projections down to pia mater.
Forms subarachnoid space where CSF flows
Describe the pia mater
Shrink Wraps the brain and gives it a shiny appearance
What are the five layers of the scalp?
Skin Connective tissue- contained named arteries Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Pericranium
How many bones make up the neurocranium?
8: Occipital 2x Temporal 2x Parietal Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid
What are the eight bones of the neurocranium?
Occipital 2x Temporal 2x Parietal Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid
What links bones of the neurocranium?
Sutures
What kind of joins are sutures?
FIbrous
What are the two main sutures in the neurocranium?
Coronal suture (frontal to parietals) Sagittal suture (longitudinally to like parietals)
Where do four bones join?
Pterion
Which bones join at the pterion?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Which artery runs deep to the pterion?
Middle meningeal artery
What is a prominent feature of the arachnoid mater?
Arachnoid granulations- reabsorb CSF
What do arachnoid granulations do?
Reabsorb CSF
What two major structures does the dura mater form?
Tentorium cerebelli- separates cerebral hemispheres from cerebellum
Falx cerebri- Core of longitudinal fissure to separate cerebral hemispheres
Where is CSF produced?
Lining of ventricles
WHat produces CSF?
Choroid plexus
How much CSF is produced daily?
400-500ml
Describe the flow of CSF
Lateral ventricles -> 3rd ventricle -> 4th ventricle -> Central spinal canal (little) and subarachnoid space (most)
What links the 3rd and 4th ventricles?
Cerebral aqueduct
Where does the subarachnoid space end?
S2
What links the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle?
Foramen of Munro
