Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Patho- SPace occupying lesions > Flashcards

Patho- SPace occupying lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What things can cause a space occupying lesion?

A

Bleeds
Tumour
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of bleed can cause a space occupying lesion?

A

Extradural
Subdural
SAH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can cause an extradural hematoma?

A

Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can cause a subdural hematoma?

A

Ruptured bridging vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can cause a SAH?

A

CoW rupture/Berry aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common brain tumour?

A

Secondary mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the most common mets to the brain?

A

Breast
Bronchus
Malignant melenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two categories of primary brain tumour?

A

Extrinsic- Meninges

Intrinsic- Brain parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of extrinsic brain tumours?

A

Meningioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

From where does a meningioma normally occur?

A

Subarachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some symptoms of a meningioma?

A

Largely asymptomatic
Headache
CN neuropathy
Can erode bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you treat a meningioma?

A

CT/MRI- Homogenous, space-occupying lesion that densely enhances after contrast media
Leave
Surgery
Radio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common form of intrinsic brain tumour?

A

Glioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of cells do glioma arise from?

A

Glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can gliomas metastase?

A

Yes but only to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What glial cells do gliomas tend to arise from?

A

Astrocytes

Oligoendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the symptoms of an oligodendrocyte glioma?

A 
Slow growing
Solid pink/grey
Frontal lobe
25-45YO
Seizures
Can become malignant
Calcifications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you treat an oligodendrocyte glioma?

A

Surgery and chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four grades of an astrocytoma?

A

I- Benign
II- Start benign then transform
III/IV- Malignant then die in months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of a grade I astrocytoma?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a Pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

Grade I astrocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do Pilocytic astrocytoma normally affect?

A

Optic nerve
Brain stem
Cerebellum

23
Q

Give some examples of a grade II astrocytoma?

A

‘Low grade’ astrocytoma- Seizures
Fibrillary Astrocytoma- Surgery
Astrocytomas become Glioblastoma- Surgery

24
Q

Give some examples of a stage III/IV astrocytoma

A

Anaplastic Astrocytoma

Glioblastoma multiforme

25
Q

How do you treat an Anaplastic Astrocytoma?

A

No cure but surgery can help- radio post op

26
Q

How do you treat Glioblastoma multiforme?

A

No cure but surgery can help- radio post op

27
Q

How do gliomas tend to present?

A

Insidious onset of neuro deficits

Seizures

28
Q

What is the differential for a glioma?

A

Stroke

29
Q

How do you treat a glioma?

A

Image

Pallitate

30
Q

What are some examples of nerve sheath tumour?

A

Schwannoma

Neurofibroma

31
Q

What is the most common schwannoma?

A

Vestibular schwannoma

32
Q

What are the symptoms of a vestibular schwannoma?

A

Progressive deafness
Facial sensory loss
Ipsilateral cerebral sign
Hydrocephalus

33
Q

How do you treat a vestibular schwannoma?

A

Hydrocephalus treatment
Radio
Surgery

34
Q

How do you diagnose a schwannoma?

A

MRI

35
Q

What are the general symptoms of a brain tumour?

A 
Progressive neuro deficit
Motor weakness
Headache- wakes them up
New seizures
Changes in behavior
Symptoms of increased ICP: N+V, Headache, Mental changes, Seizures
36
Q

What are the direct effects of a brain mass?

A

Tissue destruction

37
Q

What are the secondary effects of a brain mass?

A

Herniation

Raised ICP effects- papilloedema etc

38
Q

What causes the secondary effects of a brain mass?

A

Raised ICP

39
Q

What are some raised ICP effects?

A

Papilloedema

Non-communicating hydrocephalus

40
Q

What are the forms of herniation possible in the brain?

A

Subfalcine/cingulate- cross midline
Transtentorial/uncal herniation- Cerebral through tentorium
Tonsillar- coning. Cerebellum down through foramen magnum.

41
Q

What are some signs of tonsillar herniation?

A

Impaired consciousness
Resp arrest
Bradycardia
Decerebrate posture- Arms and legs being held straight out, the toes being pointed downward and the head and neck being arched backwards.

42
Q

How do you treat a brain mass?

A 
No LP
Mannitol + steroids- for oedema
Antiepileptics
Chemo not much help
Surgery can help but is complicated
43
Q

What must you not do with raised ICP?

A

LP

44
Q

Why must you not LP a raised ICP?

A

Coning risk

45
Q

What is Idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

Hydrocephalus with no mass and no increase in ventricle size

46
Q

Who tends to get Idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

Obese young women

47
Q

WHat are some symptoms of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

Menstral irregularities
Headache
Blurred vision
Papilloedema

48
Q

How do you treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

Repeated LP
Acetazolamide
Thiazide diuretics
Weight reduction

49
Q

What generally causes hydrocephalus?

A

Obstruction of outflow leading to enlargement of ventricle

50
Q

WHat are the main causes of hydrocephalus in infants?

A

Arnold-Chiari malformation

Cerebral aqueduct stenosis

51
Q

What is the main cause of hydrocephalus in adults?

A

Cerebral aqueduct stenosis

52
Q

What are some symptoms of hydrocephalus in adults?

A 
Headache
Cogitative impairment
Vomiting
Papilloedema
Ataxia
Bilateral signal
53
Q

How do you treat hydrocephalus in adults?

A

Treat underlying cause

Shunt

Neurology (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions