Brain lobes and lesions Flashcards
What are the five lobes of the brain?
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Insula
Where is the frontal lobe situated?
Anterior of central sulcus and superior to lateral sulcus
Where is the parietal lobe situated?
Posterior to central sulcus, superior to lateral sulcus and anterior to parieto-occipital sulcus.
Where is the temporal lobe situated?
Inferior to lateral sulcus
Where is the occipital lobe situated?
Posterior to parieto-occipital sulcus.
Where is the insula lobe located?
Behind the parietal and frontal lobes.
What does the frontal lobe do?
Thinking Planning/organisation Problem solving Personality Emotions Behaviour control
What are two special areas of the frontal lobe?
Primary motor cortex
Broca’s area
What can a lesion to the frontal lobe cause?
Intellect impairment
Personality changes
Urinary incontinence
Patrial seizures
What does Broca’s area do?
Production of speech
What can a lesion to Broca’s area do?
Can comprehend speech but cannot produce it.
What does the primary motor cortex do?
Initiation of movement
What can a lesion of the primary motor cortex cause?
Paresis
What does the parietal lobe do?
Perception/making sense of the world
Arithmetic
Spelling
What can a lesion to the parietal lobe cause?
Contralateral sensory loss
Agraphestesia
Homonymus field defect
Partial sensory seizures of contralateral limb
What is an important area of the parietal lobe?
Primary somatosensory cortex
What does a lesion to the primary somatosensory cortex cause?
Contralateral sensory loss
What can a lesion to the left parietal lobe specifically cause?
Limb apraxia
What can a lesion to the right parietal lobe specifically cause?
Dressing apraxia
Failure to recognise faces
What does the occipital lobe do?
Vision
What can a lesion to the occipital lobe cause?
Visual field disturbances
Visuospatial disturbances
What can a lesion to the parieto-occipital junction cause?
Crude visual hallucinations (see shapes in part of visual field)
What does the temporal lobe do?
Memory and understanding
What can lesions to the temporal lobe cause?
Formed visual hallucinations
Complex partial seizures
Memory disturbances
What are two special areas of the temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area
What does Wernicke’s area do?
Comprehension of speech
What does a lesion to Wernicke’s area cause?
Fluent but incomprehensible speech
What does the cerebellum do?
Coordination of movement
What does the brain stem do?
Control HR and breathing
