Back

Question 1

What are the two broad groups of muscles found in the back?

Answer 1

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

Question 2

What do extrinsic back muscles do?

Answer 2

Attach the back to the pectoral girdle

Move the upper limb

Question 3

What muscles make up the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 3

Trapezius
Lat dorsi
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae

Question 4

What do intrinsic back muscles do?

Answer 4

Maintain back posture

Move spine

Question 5

What are the two broad groups of intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 5

Superficial (erector spinae)

Deep (transversospinalis)

Question 6

Where do the erector spinae originate?

Answer 6

Rib
Transverse process of vertebra
Spinous process of vertebrae

Question 7

Where do the erector spinae insert?

Answer 7

Via common tendinous sheath to sacrum and iliac crest

Question 8

How many muscles make us the erector spinae?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

What muscles make up the erector spinae?

Answer 9

Spinalis (proximal)
Longissimus
Iliocostalis (Lateral)

Question 10

What kind of pain can an erector spinae strain produce?

Answer 10

Lower back pain

Question 11

Where are transversospinalis muscles found?

Answer 11

Grooves between transverse and spinous processes

Question 12

Where do the transversospinalis muscles attach?

Answer 12

Between vertebra and skull
Between vertebra and rib
Between two vertebra
Between sacrum and vertebra

Question 13

What do the erector spinae do?

Answer 13

Help maintain posture
Support the spine
Extend the spine
Laterally flexes the spine

Question 14

What are the to main parts of a vertebrae?

Answer 14

Body

Arch

Question 15

What two parts make up the vertebral arch?

Answer 15

2x pedicles

2x lamina

Question 16

How many articulation points are found on the vertebral arch?

Answer 16

4:
2x inferior articular processes
2x superior articular processes

Question 17

What three foramina are found in the spine?

Answer 17

Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramen
Transverse foramen (C spine only)

Question 18

What are the two main joints found in the spine?

Answer 18

Facet between articular processes

Intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies

Question 19

Between which two vertebrae is an intervertebral disc not found?

Answer 19

C1 and C2

Question 20

What are the two parts of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 20

Annulus fibrosus- outer layer

Nucleus pulposus- inner layer

Question 21

Which 5 ligaments are found in the spine?

Answer 21

Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinous ligaments
Interspinous ligaments

Question 22

What does the ligamentum flavum do?

Answer 22

Connect lamina propria to the spinal cord

Question 23

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament do and where is it found?

Answer 23

Vertebral foramen running along the back of the vertebral body. Prevents over flexion of spine

Question 24

What is a flaw with the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 24

Narrow and weak with less support for the disc (therefore herniation)

Question 25

Where dis the anterior longitudinal ligament run and what does it do?

Answer 25

Anterior surface of spine and prevents over extension of spine.

Question 26

Where are the supraspinous ligaments found?

Answer 26

Connecting the tips of spinous processes

Question 27

Where are interspinous ligaments found?

Answer 27

Connecting the superior surface of one spinous process to the inferior surface of another.

Question 28

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

Answer 28

Start at foramen magnum

End at L1/2