Back Flashcards
What are the two broad groups of muscles found in the back?
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
What do extrinsic back muscles do?
Attach the back to the pectoral girdle
Move the upper limb
What muscles make up the extrinsic back muscles?
Trapezius
Lat dorsi
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae
What do intrinsic back muscles do?
Maintain back posture
Move spine
What are the two broad groups of intrinsic back muscles?
Superficial (erector spinae)
Deep (transversospinalis)
Where do the erector spinae originate?
Rib
Transverse process of vertebra
Spinous process of vertebrae
Where do the erector spinae insert?
Via common tendinous sheath to sacrum and iliac crest
How many muscles make us the erector spinae?
3
What muscles make up the erector spinae?
Spinalis (proximal)
Longissimus
Iliocostalis (Lateral)
What kind of pain can an erector spinae strain produce?
Lower back pain
Where are transversospinalis muscles found?
Grooves between transverse and spinous processes
Where do the transversospinalis muscles attach?
Between vertebra and skull
Between vertebra and rib
Between two vertebra
Between sacrum and vertebra
What do the erector spinae do?
Help maintain posture
Support the spine
Extend the spine
Laterally flexes the spine
What are the to main parts of a vertebrae?
Body
Arch
What two parts make up the vertebral arch?
2x pedicles
2x lamina
How many articulation points are found on the vertebral arch?
4:
2x inferior articular processes
2x superior articular processes
What three foramina are found in the spine?
Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramen
Transverse foramen (C spine only)
What are the two main joints found in the spine?
Facet between articular processes
Intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies
Between which two vertebrae is an intervertebral disc not found?
C1 and C2
What are the two parts of the intervertebral disc?
Annulus fibrosus- outer layer
Nucleus pulposus- inner layer
Which 5 ligaments are found in the spine?
Ligamentum flavum Posterior longitudinal ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Supraspinous ligaments Interspinous ligaments
What does the ligamentum flavum do?
Connect lamina propria to the spinal cord
What does the posterior longitudinal ligament do and where is it found?
Vertebral foramen running along the back of the vertebral body. Prevents over flexion of spine
What is a flaw with the posterior longitudinal ligament
Narrow and weak with less support for the disc (therefore herniation)
Where dis the anterior longitudinal ligament run and what does it do?
Anterior surface of spine and prevents over extension of spine.
Where are the supraspinous ligaments found?
Connecting the tips of spinous processes
Where are interspinous ligaments found?
Connecting the superior surface of one spinous process to the inferior surface of another.
Where does the spinal cord start and end?
Start at foramen magnum
End at L1/2
