Sleep Flashcards
what happens when a person is sleep deprived?
cognition and judgment impaired, mood instability, psychosis can develop in chronic loss of sleep, immune dysfunction, GI complaints
sleep architecture and the components of each
non-REM sleep- N1, N2, N3
REM sleep- tonic REM, phasic REM
when does non-REM sleep mostly occur?
majority of N3 is in the first 1/3 of the night
when does REM sleep mostly occur?
majority occurs in the latter 1/2 of the night
percentage of sleep time of each stage of non-REM sleep
stage N1- 5%
stage N2- 50%
stage N3- 10-25% total sleep time
what type of sleep is associated with non-REM sleep? what type of waves?
slow wave sleep (SWS): delta sleep, deep sleep
percentage of total sleep time spent in REM sleep?
20-25%
what happens to sleep as we get older?
spend more time awake, less time in non-REM sleep, spend less time in REM sleep
type of waves associated with awake with eyes closed sleep
alpha waves
stage 1 non-REM sleep type of wave
theta waves
waves associated with stage 2 non-REM sleep
sleep spindles and K complexes
characteristics of stage 1 NREM sleep vs stage 2 NREM sleep
stage 1- slow eye movements, myoclonic jerks, easy arousal
stage 2- no eye movement, breathing, HR regular, body temp decrease, more difficult to arouse
stage 5 NREM sleep: type of waves, characteristics
delta waves, slow wave sleep, delta sleep, deep sleep, N3
decreased BP, RR, GH release, mostly in first 1/3 of night, confusion upon waking
characteristics of REM sleep
dream sleep (can remember dreams), purposeful atonia, cortical is active, autonomic instability, arousable without confusion, dominates 2nd 1/2 of night, nocturnal penile/clitoral tumescence
percent of day that infants sleep vs adults
infants 66%
adults 33%
regulatory influences on sleep, and which ones influence different types of sleep.
circadian system (suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothal, 24 hr sleep-wake cycle, REM influenced by this)
homeostatic system (adenosine from use of ATP, SWS influenced by this system)
how does light influence melatonin?
light enters retina, goes to suprachiasmatic nucleus, light inhibits release of melatonin from pineal gland, causing arousal
teenager circadian system fluke
elderly circadian system fluke
teenagers have phase delay (night owl)
elderly have phase advance (morning lark)
compounds/actions that inhibit or slow the homeostatic system of sleep load
caffeine- adenosine receptor antagonist
napping
causes of insomnia
low sleep drives, increased arousal
treatment of insomnia
cognitive behavioral therapy- sleep restriction, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, relaxation
meds
difference between PSG and MSLT and purposes of each
PSG=polysomnogram; pulse ox, respiratory effort, airflow, video, for sleep-related breathing disorders
MSLT= mean sleep latency test; determines daytime sleepiness and tendency to enter REM
obstructive sleep apnea causes/effects
sleep disruption, excessive negative intrathoracic pressure generated, hypoxia w/ reperfusion injury, hyper and hypocarbia
diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea is done by
PSG
