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B&B 3 > Diencephalon > Flashcards

Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

components of the epithalamus

A

habenula, epiphysis - choroid plexus (pineal gland)

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2
Q

tracts of the thalamus

A

mammillothalamic tract

habenulointerpeduncular tract

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3
Q

the habenular nuclei functions in..

A

limbic system, reward processing

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4
Q

describe the path of afferent info to the habenular nucleus

A

septal + preoptic areas go through the stria medullaris thalami to the habenular nucleus

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5
Q

describe the path of efferent info from the habenular nucleus

A

habenular nucleus, through habenulointerpeduncular tract to the interpeduncular nucleus, which is near CN III

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6
Q

clinical relevance of habenular nuclei

A

stimulating the lateral habenula may be hopeful treatment for depression not alleviated by medication

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7
Q

in the dark, the pineal gland (epiphysis) is turned

A

ON; melatonin in the blood

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8
Q

in the light, the pineal gland is turned.. (show path)

A

OFF; retina, pretectum, hypothalamus, spinal cord, superior cervical ganglia*, pineal gland OFF

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9
Q

melatonin/when the pineal gland is on, has this effect on sex hormones

A

antigonadotropic, so they are not released

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10
Q

melatonin/pineal gland is on, has this effect on the sleep/wake cycle

A

feel rested

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11
Q

increased melatonin from a pinealocyte tumor has this effect on gonadotropin

A

hypogonadism

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12
Q

decreased melatonin from a non-pinealocyte tumor has this effect on gonadotropin

A

precocious puberty

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13
Q

2 types of firing of thalamic neurons; name the activity of the calcium channels in each

A

tonic firing- voltage gated Ca2+ channels inactive

burst firing- Ca2+ channels active

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14
Q

this type of firing sends detailed info, focusing.

A

tonic firing

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15
Q

this type of firing sends no detailed info, just makes you aware of the event, and does sleep also

A

burst firing

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16
Q

difference between parallel and serial processing

A

parallel processing happens simultaneously

serial processing happens one after the other, not simultaneous

17
Q

example of serial processing

A

LGN sending info to area 17, then to 18 and 19 to determine what is being looked at by the eye

18
Q

the regulatory scheme of thalamic connections

A

cortex and reticular formation regulate thalamic output (ex: VPL from DCML)

19
Q

the specific scheme of projections of thalamic connections

A

thalamo-cortical (except reticular nuc of thalamus)

and

cortico-thalamo (cortex to thalamic nuclei)

20
Q

fibers from the thalamus to the cortex (thalamo-cortical)

A

posterior limb, genu, anterior limn

21
Q

types of relay nuclei and their destinations

A

external- VPL, VPM, LG, MG (sensory)

internal- VA, VL (motor); A (limbic)

22
Q

association nuclei and their destination

A

DM (behavior)

23
Q

diffuse nuclei destination

A

CM (motor, basal ganglia)

24
Q

eff and affs for VPL (external relay nuclei)

A

in from DCML and spinothalamics, out to somatosensory cortex (body)

25
Q

eff and affs fro VPM (external relay nuclei)

A

in from trigeminothalamics, CTT (taste), out to somatosensory cortex (face), insula (taste)

26
Q

eff and affs for LG (external relay nuclei)

A

in from retina via optic tract, out to calcarine cortex via geniculocalcarine tract

27
Q

eff and affs for MG (external relay nuclei)

A

in from inferior colliculus via brachium, out to auditory cortex via aud radiations

28
Q

eff and affs for anterior nucleus - limbic system (internal relay nuclei)

A

in from mammillary bodies via mammillothalamic tract, out to cingulate gyrus

29
Q

eff and affs for VA (internal relay nuclei)

A

in from basal ganglia, out to motor (4) and premotor cortex (6)

30
Q

eff and affs for VL (internal relay nuclei)

A

input from basal ganglia and cerebellum, out to motor (4) and premotor cortex (6)

31
Q

which part of the thalamus is the limbic system located in?

A

anterior nucleus

32
Q

anterior nucleus connections (limbic system)

A

mammillary body (sensory), anterior nucleus of the thalamus, to cingulate gyrus

33
Q

eff and affs for CM (diffuse nuclei)

A

in from reticular formation and basal ganglia, out to cortex (4 and 6)

34
Q

dorsomedial thalamus affects..

A

emotion, foresight

35
Q

eff and affs for DM (association nuclei)

A

in from prefrontal cortex and limbic system out to prefrontal cortex

36
Q

blood supply of thalamus

A

branches of posterior cerebral artery– thalamogeniculate artery, thalamoperforating artery (both branch off circle of willis)

37
Q

what causes thalamic syndrome? what are the symptoms? when do they appear?

A

lacunar stroke in posterior thalamus

contralateral hemianesthesia/hemiparesis

thalamic pain develops weeks later (touch or emotion causes unrelenting pain)

38
Q

other names/treatment for thalamic syndrome

A

dejerine-roussy syndrome, central pain syndrome

pain meds with anti-seizure meds

B&B 3 (25 decks)

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