CNS Neoplasms

Question 1

clinical presentation of neoplasms

Answer 1

headache, focal neurologic deficits, seizures, cranial or spinal nerve signs, increased ICP, hemorrhage

Question 2

most common adult CNS neoplasm; type of grade of neoplasm

Answer 2

astrocytic neoplasm

Grades II-IV (infiltrating/diffuse)

Question 3

what are gliomas graded on?

Answer 3

mitotic activity, necrosis and vascular proliferation

Question 4

grade for an anaplastic astrocytoma with mitotic figures seen

Answer 4

WHO grade III

Question 5

grade for neoplasm with necrosis or vascular proliferation

Answer 5

glioblastoma (WHO grade IV)

Question 6

butterfly lesion often seen with

Answer 6

metastatic carcinomas and sometimes lymphomas

Question 7

primary glioblastoma dysfunctional tumor suppressor

secondary glioblastoma dysfunctional tumor suppressor

Answer 7

EGFR

P53, PDGF receptor

Question 8

this gene encodes a protein for DNA repair; what is the problem with this DNA repair enzyme?

Answer 8

MCMT

it counteracts the damage (therapy) done by the temazolamine (TMZ) chemo for glioblastoma treatment

Question 9

grade for gemistocytes

Answer 9

grade II

Question 10

grade for pilocytic astrocytoma

Answer 10

grade I

Question 11

oligodendroglial neoplasms tend to be in this location

Answer 11

cerebral white matter

Question 12

codeletion of oligodendroglioma that leads to better prognosis

Answer 12

1p/19q

Question 13

mixed glioma

Answer 13

oligoastrocytoma

Question 14

poorly differentiated neoplasms

Answer 14

primitive neuroectodermal tumor, supratentorial, pineoblastoma, ependymoblastoma, medulloblastoma

Question 15

grade of medulloblastoma

Answer 15

grade IV, but radiosensitive

Question 16

typical presentation/location of medulloblastoma

Answer 16

midline/vermis solid mass lesion; compression of 4th ventricle

Question 17

tumor that’s highly malignant, in young children

Answer 17

atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor

Question 18

easy place for neoplastic cells to migrate and infiltrate due to capillary circulation slowing in this area

Answer 18

grey-white matter junction

Question 19

if patient abruptly starts having seizures, the 2 things in the differential should be

Answer 19

glioblastoma, metastatic carcinoma

Question 20

examples of neoplasms that present with hemorrhage

Answer 20

glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 21

what is chordoma and where does it usually appear?

Answer 21

arising from notochord remnant, most commonly in the clivus in the skull base

Question 22

*differentials for ring-enhancing lesions (presenting with seizures, rapid progression, older age)

Answer 22

glioblastoma, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, abcess

Question 23

*types of neoplasms characterized by corpus callosum/butterfly lesions

Answer 23

glioblastoma, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma

Question 24

*types of neoplasms characterized by cyst and mural nodule formation (long history of seizures, slow growing)

Answer 24

pilocytic astrocytoma, ganglioglima, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, hemangioblastoma

Question 25

antibodies associated with certain types of cancers

Answer 25

anti-hu, anti-yo

Question 26

neurofibroma includes these components of the nerve

Answer 26

schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells

Question 27

neurofibromatosis that becomes malignant will be called

Answer 27

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Question 28

"bag of worms" appearance

Answer 28

plexiform neurofibroma